弧形织物与局部管状织物的生产

介绍了弧形织物和局部管状织物的特点、组织图及其形成原理,弧形织物在生产前需要特制专用的钢筘,利用钢筘上下移动而产生波形,纬向局部管状织物需要纬向局部管状组织与专用的送经机构来完成,经向局部管状织物只利用弹力纱作纬纱,配以经向局部管状组织来完成.     

Study of pyrene biodegradation capacity in two types of solid media

Removal of pyrene, a representative PAH, was studied using laboratory tests in two different types of solid media: an organic matter collected on the surface of a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) and a formulated clay silicate sand (inorganic matter). The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of pyrene biodegradation in these media in order to use them for treating run-off water. The sorption process, the kinetics of pyrene biodegradation and the influence of selected bacteria were also investigated. The sorption process was evaluated by adsorption isotherms and desorption kinetics using a batch equilibration method. The adsorption coefficient values of 28.8 and 2.1 for the organic and the inorganic matter respectively, confirmed the relationship of adsorption with organic carbon content. A small proportion of the sorbed pyrene was available for desorption (8% and 15% for the organic and the inorganic matter, respectively), indicating that sorption was partially irreversible, with the presence of hysteresis. For the formulated clay silicate sand inoculated with a specific bacteria (Mycobacterium sp.6PY1), selected for its ability to degrade PAHs, pyrene removal was complete in 32 days. With the organic matter, these values ranged from 40% to 95% for the different experiments, following a lag time of 3 weeks before observation of a significant degradation. Indigenous bacterial species in the organic medium had the metabolic capacity to degrade pyrene, and microbial populations pre-exposed to the PAH degraded pyrene faster than similar unexposed populations. Three metabolites of pyrene degradation by Mycobacterium were found. They accumulated in both organic and inorganic matter, indicating that the enzymes catalyzing them have slow kinetics.     

离散多音频调制系统中的编码和信号设计

离散多音频(Discrete Multitone, DMT)调制是指高效利用信道, 通过对不同的子信道发送不同长度的比特来得到最大信息流量的多载波调制(Multi-Carrier Modulation, MCM)的一种特殊形式.每个子信道上的比特取决于该子信道的信噪比.通过采用先进的编码技术可以进一步提高DMT系统的性能.笔者对DMT系统中的编码技术和调制方式进行了研究.编码采用的是与Berlekapmp Massey(BM)算法相结合的里德索罗蒙码(Reed Solomon,RS);调制采用离散傅立叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT),并对里德索罗蒙码和离散傅立叶变换的基本原理进行了概述.随后讨论了该编码实施方案的潜在效益.仿真结果显示当误码率为10-7时,其编码增益相对于未编码增加了3至6 dB.     

角联锁结构三维织物的设计

论述正则角联锁和空口角联锁结构三维组织织物的设计方法与上机要点。通过分析不带衬垫纱和带衬垫纱两种结构贯穿的方式、构成参数的计算、组织图与上机图的特点以及角联锁结构三维组织织物织造时的特殊问题,指出:设计时还需合理选择纱线线密度和筘号、合理设计上机张力、正确选择织轴数量,可确保利用二维织机织造三维织物。     

Evapotranspiration from subsurface horizontal flow wetlands planted with Phragmites australis in sub-tropical Australia

The balance between evapotranspiration (ET) loss and rainfall ingress in treatment wetlands (TWs) can affect their suitability for certain applications. The aim of this paper was to investigate the water balance and seasonal dynamics in ET of subsurface horizontal flow (HF) TWs in a sub-tropical climate. Monthly water balances were compiled for four pilot-scale HF TWs receiving horticultural runoff over a two year period (Sep. 1999-Aug. 2001) on the sub-tropical east-coast of Australia. The mean annual wetland ET rate increased from 7.0 mm/day in the first year to 10.6 mm/day in the second, in response to the development of the reed (Phragmites australis) population. Consequently, the annual crop coefficients (ratio of wetland ET to pan evaporation) increased from 1.9 in the first year to 2.6 in the second. The mean monthly ET rates were generally greater and more variable than the Class-A pan evaporation rates, indicating that transpiration is an important contributor to ET in HF TWs. Evapotranspiration rates were generally highest in the summer and autumn months, and corresponded with the times of peak standing biomass of P. australis. It is likely that ET from the relatively small 1 m wide by 4 m long HF TWs was enhanced by advection through so-called “clothesline” and “oasis” effects, which contributed to the high crop coefficients. For the second year, when the reed population was well established, the annual net loss to the atmosphere (taking into account rainfall inputs) accounted for 6.1-9.6 % of the influent hydraulic load, which is considered negligible. However, the net loss is likely to be higher in arid regions with lower rainfall. The Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of the wetlands in the second year of operation was 1.3 g of above-ground biomass produced per kilogram of water consumed, which is low compared to agricultural crops. It is proposed that system level WUE provides a useful metric for selecting wetland plant species and TW design alternatives to use in arid regions where excessive water loss from constructed wetlands can be problematic. Further research is needed to accrue long-term HF TW water balance data especially in arid climatic zones.