磷钙锌对烟草生长及抗逆性影响的研究

盆栽条件下研究了磷钙锌交互作用对烤烟(NC89)的生长、发育及抗旱、抗寒能力的影响及其机理。结果表明低磷水平下烟株的生长发育不良,增施磷肥可改善叶片的生长,叶片干重可提高41.8%,总生物重提高17.5%;但高磷水平下根/冠比值下降,养分吸收不平衡,烟株抗逆性反而下降。配施钙、锌可促进烟株根茎叶协调生长,极显著地提高根干重,根/冠比值适中。在逆境胁迫条件下,钙可提高细胞膜结构的稳定性,使细胞中电解质渗出物下降35%~42%;施锌能增加叶片细胞中SOD活性,因此减轻了烟株受活性氧自由基的伤害,表现为MDA含量明显降低。磷钙锌营养配合施用的交互作用能增加叶片中渗透调节物质的含量,烤烟的抗逆性提高。      

烟草感染马铃薯Y病毒脉坏死株系后六种酶活性变化的研究

本文定期测定了感病品种NC89接种PVYN后叶片内6种酶活性的动态变化,结果表明,接种后14天内SOD活性均较对照增高,其中第8天达高峰值,但接种后第16天SOD活性低于对照约28%;AAO活性在接种后2~6天明显高于对照,6~12天,AAO活性变化不定,但12天后,AAO活性又升高;POD活性在接种后2~4天比对照降低,4天后显著升高,至接种后第14天达高峰值,接种后16天又有下降趋势;CAT活性仅在接种后第2天比对照略有升高,随后均低于对照,其中第6天和第10天CAT活性降低幅度较大;PAL活性在接种后2~6天均比对照高,随后开始下降,第8~10天PAL活性低于对照,10天后又升高,第12天又达高峰值;PPO活性在接种后2~16天明显高于对照。本文还详细讨论了上述6种酶与烟草脉坏死病病程的相关性。      

金叶女贞果实花青素的镇痛作用初探

目的: 研究金叶女贞果实花青素的镇痛作用及其可能机制。方法: 实验动物分为5组:生理盐水对照组,阿司匹林对照组,花青素高、中、低剂量组。通过小鼠热板法和醋酸扭体法,观察不同浓度花青素的镇痛作用;同时测定小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、NO和前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)水平,初步分析花青素可能的镇痛机制。结果: 中、高浓度的花青素能提高小鼠痛阈,减少扭体次数;花青素处理组小鼠血清SOD活性增高,NO和PGE₂含量降低。结论: 金叶女贞花青素具有镇痛作用,其机制可能与提高小鼠抗氧化能力增强血清SOD活性,减少NO和炎性因子PGE₂的生成有关。     

月桂酰氯修饰羊血超氧化物歧化酶工艺优化及酶学性质

以羊血为材料获得超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）酶液,采用月桂酰氯修饰SOD,在修饰温度、修饰时间、月桂酰氯添加量和丙酮添加量的单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化工艺参数,并比较修饰酶与天然酶的酶学性质。结果表明：10 mL酶比活力为4 348.6 U/mg的SOD样液在修饰温度60 ℃、修饰时间30 min、月桂酰氯用量0.1 mL、丙酮添加量为酶液体积的1.5 倍条件下充分反应,所得修饰酶活力最强;修饰酶热稳定性、pH值耐受性、半衰期等均优于天然酶。月桂酰氯可用于修饰性能较优的羊血超氧化物歧化酶。     

益生菌抗氧化活性及菌体抗氧化相关成分的分析

目的比较乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、嗜热链球菌和乳酸乳球菌的抗氧化活性,分析抗氧化活性较高菌株内与抗氧化相关的成分。方法采用清除DPPH自由基、清除羟自由基以及抗脂质过氧化能力3种方法评价40株益生菌的抗氧化活性,选出抗氧化活性较高的菌株分析其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和总巯基化合物(TTG)的含量。结果所比较的40株益生菌的抗氧化能力差别较大,既具有种属特异性,又具有菌株特异性;7株嗜热链球菌和11株乳酸乳球菌中的SOD活性最高[(平均分别为124.02U/mg(蛋白质)和107.10U/mg(蛋白质)]、2株双歧杆菌中GSH的含量最高(平均为311.03μmol/L细胞破碎液),所分析的菌株中TTG含量均较高。研究结果表明,实验菌乳酸乳球菌清除自由基能力最强,其次是嗜热链球菌,所试验的乳杆菌和双歧杆菌最弱;SOD对益生菌的抗氧化起主要作用;GSH的存在因种属和菌株的不同而差别较大;TTG对益生菌的抗氧化起了积极作用。     

超氧化物歧化酶在医药临床上的研究和应用

超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是重要的消除体内自由基的金属酶,它的抗氧化功能不足或受损时可诱发或引起多种疾病。补充SOD制剂在临床有重要价值。本文对与人体相关的SOD在医药临床方面的研究和应用作一综述。     

Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo

Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that high dietary fat intake of mice is associated with many physically degenerative diseases. Since oxidative stress and abnormal lipid metabolism have been speculated to be critical mechanisms underlying degenerative diseases, we hypothesized that a high-fat (HF) diet might induce oxidative stress or lipid oxidation and subsequently contribute to the high risk of some diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ones. To test this hypothesis, male kunming mice were placed on either a HF diet or a normal laboratory diet for 30 consecutive days. This investigation demonstrated that blood fat [low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TAG), high density lipoprotein (HDL)], blood sugar (blood glucose and liver glycogen) and oxidative stress (activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of non-enzymic antioxidants) of mice fed high-fat diet (group II) were significantly increased or decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when compared with the control group (I). The present study revealed that HF diet induced oxidative stress and provided novel evidence regarding the link between high dietary fat and increased risk of degenerative diseases. The administration of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides did not show any effect on the body weight of the experimental mice, but significantly decreased the levels of LDL, TC, TAG, blood glucose and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when compared with mice in HF group (II). These findings were further supported by significantly increased non-enzymic antioxidants levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), suggesting that L. barbarum polysaccharides showed a noticeable inhibition against lipid oxidation induced by free radicals caused by HF diet intake (groups III, IV, V) on the basis of their antioxidant activities.     

软骨提取物对小鼠类风湿性关节炎治疗作用的初步研究

现察两种软骨提取物--软骨多糖和软骨复合物对类风湿性关节炎(RA)的治疗作用.方法是给药(口服软骨提取物)两周后,再注射弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)诱发小鼠RA模型,现察小鼠体重的变化;检测小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),丙二醛(MSA)水平的变化及基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)水平的变化.结果表明,软骨提取物能够提高KA小鼠的体重,升高小鼠血液中的SOD的含量,降低MDA和MMP的含量.可知软骨提取物能有效地起到预防佐剂性关节炎的作用.     

Correlation between plasma antioxidant capacity and verbascoside levels in rats after oral administration of lemon verbena extract

Phenylpropanoids are the main class of compounds from lemon verbena which have shown a wide biological activity, verbascoside being the most abundant one. In this work, the composition of a lemon verbena extract was elucidated by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and one flavone and one methoxylated phenylpropanoid were found in this source for the first time. The antioxidant activity of the lemon verbena extract was fully characterised by several methodologies. Unexpectedly, the extract was especially active in lipophilic environments and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, as it was found for pure verbascoside. The lemon verbena extract, containing verbascoside as its major bioactive compound, was acutely administered to rats and verbascoside was the only metabolite detected in plasma samples as measured by HPLC mass spectrometry. The correlation between the highest verbascoside concentration in plasma and maximum plasma antioxidant capacity was observed at 20 min as measured by different techniques, i.e. minimum malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, highest ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP value) and maximum superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Therefore, the in vitro measurements of the antioxidant activity of lemon verbena extract may significantly support the antioxidant activity observed in vivo in this work. Moreover, neither evidence of acute oral toxicity nor adverse effects were observed in mice when the lemon verbena extract containing 25% verbascoside was used at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg.     

羊血中超氧化物歧化酶提取工艺研究——热变温度、热变时间和热变方式对SOD提取的影响及最佳工艺条件选择

目的:重点研究热变温度、热变时间、热变方式对SOD分离提取的影响,确定最优工艺参数。方法:采用正交试验设计。由正交试验得出最优组合为A2B2C2,即热变温度55℃,热变时间15min,0.01mol/lCuCl2的添加量2%。结论:热变性是羊血SOD提取的关键,按此工艺热变性后的SOD活性在1000U/mg蛋白以上。