Long-term impact of anaerobic reaction time on the performance and granular characteristics of granular denitrifying biological phosphorus removal systems

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) from wastewater is successfully and widely practiced in systems employing both granular sludge technology and enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) processes; however, the key parameter, anaerobic reaction time (AnRT), has not been thoroughly investigated. Successful EBPR is highly dependent on an appropriate AnRT, which induces carbon and polyphosphate metabolism by phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). Therefore, the long-term impact of AnRT on denitrifying P removal performance and granular characteristics was investigated in three identical granular sludge sequencing batch reactors with AnRTs of 90 (R1), 120 (R2) and 150 min (R3). The microbial community structures and anaerobic stoichiometric parameters related to various AnRTs were monitored over time. Free nitrite acid (FNA) accumulation (e.g., 0.0008–0.0016 mg HNO₂–N/L) occurred frequently owing to incomplete denitrification in the adaptation period, especially in R3, which influenced the anaerobic/anoxic intracellular intermediate metabolites and activities of intracellular enzymes negatively, resulting in lower levels of poly-P and reduced activity of polyphosphate kinase. As a result, the Accumulibacter-PAOs population decreased from 51 ± 2.5% to 43 ± 2.1% when AnRT was extended from 90 to 150 min, leading to decreased denitrifying P removal performance. Additionally, frequent exposure of microorganisms to the FNA accumulation and anaerobic endogenous conditions in excess AnRT cases (e.g., 150 min) stimulated increased extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production by microorganisms, resulting in enhanced granular formation and larger granules (size of 0.6–1.2 mm), but decreasing anaerobic PHA synthesis and glycogen hydrolysis. Phosphorus removal capacity was mediated to some extent by EPS adsorption in granular sludge systems that possessed more EPS, longer AnRT and relatively higher GAOs.     

Bacterial inactivation in water,DNA strand breaking,and membrane damage induced by ultraviolet-assisted titanium dioxide photocatalysis

The effects of UV-assisted TiO₂-photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) inactivation of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium) in a liquid culture using different domains of UV irradiation (A, B and C) were evaluated. Structural changes in super-coiled plasmid DNA (pUC19) and genomic DNA of E. coli were observed using gel electrophoresis to demonstrate the photodynamic DNA strand breaking activity of UV-assisted TiO₂-PCO. Membrane damage in bacterial cells was observed using both a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Both UVC-TiO₂-PCO and UVC alone resulted in an earlier bactericidal phase (initial counts of approximately 6 log CFU/mL) in 60 s and 90 s, respectively, in liquid culture. UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment for 6 min converted all plasmid DNA to the linear form; however, under UVC irradiation alone, super-coiled DNA remained. Prolonged UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment resulted in structural changes in genomic DNA from E. coli. SEM observations revealed that bacteria suffered severe visible cell damage after UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment for 30–60 min. S. typhimurium cells showed visible damage after 30 min, which was confirmed using CLSM. All treated cells were stained red using propidium iodide under a fluorescent light.     

次氯酸钠氧化脱除河水低浓度氨氮研究

通过静态试验,分别研究了河水中氯与氨氮的质量比、反应时间、pH值及初始NH3-N浓度对NH3-N去除效果的影响。试验结果表明,对于不同天气情况下的水样,氯与氨氮的质量比(以Cl2∶N计)为10∶1~12∶1时,NH3-N浓度可降低至0.5 mg/L以下;反应时间20 min时,NH3-N浓度可达到0.3 mg/L,工程应用中可将反应时间延长至30 min;pH对NH3-N去除效果没有明显影响,一般不需要调节河水pH;在pH值为8.0,氯与氨氮的质量比为12∶1,初始NH3-N浓度为0.5~3.0 mg/L时,反应后NH3-N浓度均<0.3 mg/L。     

软土地基基坑挡土结构设计参数经验公式

土压力系数和土的水平抗力比例系数是基坑挡土结构设计的重要计算参数。土压力和土的水平抗力是与土的物理力学性质和挡土结构刚度、支撑、位移有着密切关系。本文通过挡土结构原位测试的实测土压力与挡土结构位移,经反分析逐一叠代得到的土压力系数与土的抗剪强度内摩擦角和土的水平抗力比例系数与挡土结构位移、土的抗剪强度内摩擦角,采用数理统计和相关关系分析方法,建立的土压力系数和水平抗力比例系数经验公式,对深基坑支护设计具有实用意义。     

梁板式基础与地基共同作用数值分析

以某3MW风力发电塔为例,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立梁板式预应力锚栓基础与地基的整体有限元模型,进行基础与地基共同作用分析。并以地基弹性模量为参数进行对比分析,得出:随地基弹性模量增大,基底反力向背风侧的底板内边缘集中,基底和塔筒底部不均匀沉降值减少,基础梁的主要受力钢筋最大拉应力也有所减少。     

厂房改造项目的地坪评估

通过改造原有的厂房满足新项目工艺需要的建设项目存在诸多难题,其中之一是为判断原有的地坪能否满足大型加工中心、磨床、三坐标测量机等设备的精度、刚度要求提出科学的依据。论文在项目实践中用建立指标体系的方法对已有地坪进行必要的测试、计算、试验得出是否满足工艺使用要求的技术咨询意见,为建设方决策提供科学的依据。     

碱性固化材料对红土地基的化学侵蚀

碱性材料的固化措施对红土地基产生了不可忽视的长期侵蚀.在岩土工程现场进行了取样和原型试验,分析了导致材料损伤的化学反应,有针对性地设计了红土的碱液加速侵蚀试验,对比讨论了化学损伤前后红土的工程支撑指标变化、红土的工程支撑离子衰减,研究了碱性固化材料在酸性红土的接触带造成损伤的机制,认为化学反应是导致红土地基寿命降低、远期效益低下,乃至诱发灾难性事故的重要原因.     

CFRP confinement of bridge columns damaged by premature concrete deterioration: a case study in Texas

In 1998, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) identified two concrete distress mechanisms occurring on its bridge over Lake Ivie in the west central part of the state: alkali – silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF), collectively referred to by TxDOT as premature concrete deterioration (PCD). The agency sponsored two research projects to investigate the problem. One focused on determining the remaining capacity of PCD-damaged concrete members with a case study of the Lake Ivie bridge and the other assessed treatments that could be applied to members with PCD damage. Based on findings of the study, TxDOT applied a system that waterproofed the damaged columns and then confined them using resin-bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabric strips. This paper describes the efforts of TxDOT to mitigate PCD damage for its Lake Ivie bridge.     

三种反应条件下合成C22-三酸三酯 的结构分析(论文集论文)

以生物柴油中的亚油酸甲酯与马来酸二丁酯(DBM)为原料,分别以碘、固体碱为催化剂或在仅加热的条件下合成了C22-三酸三酯。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(NMR)和质谱(MS)对产物结构进行表征。结果表明,以碘作为催化剂时,生成具有环己烯结构的C22-三酸三酯,反应为Diels-Alder环加成反应;以固体碱KOH/活性白土作催化剂时,生成主链具有共轭结构的悬挂型C22-三酸三酯,反应可能按照碳负离子历程进行;在不用催化剂、仅加热的条件下,也生成主链具有共轭结构的悬挂型C22-三酸三酯,反应可能按照自由基反应机理进行。