形式化方法在电信服务系统中的应用与研究

为提高电信服务系统的稳定性．把形式化方法引入到电信服务系统的研究中,并用典型的形式化规格语言Z开发电信系统中基本功能的形式化规格,该套形式化规格对拔打电话、建立连接、释放连接、修改密码等操作的进行详细、精确的描述。基于Z语言的形式化规格可以应用于电信服务系统开发过程的各个阶段．以期减少电信服务系统内部错误的产生、提高稳定性。     

Behavioral and electrophysiological activity of (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate,a mimic of the major sex pheromone component of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae

The behavioral and electrophysiological activity of a mimic [(Z,E)7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate] of the major sex pheromone component [(Z,E) 9,11,13-tetradecatrienal] of carob moth was assessed. Wind-tunnel bioassays demonstrated that the formate was as effective as natural gland extracts, and significantly more effective than the trienal alone or than the trienal blended with two minor pheromone components, in evoking source contact. Dispensers containing the formate were as effective as trienal-containing blend lures in attracting males when placed at the same dosage in traps in date gardens. Single-cell recordings showed that at least two olfactory neurons, differentiated by spike amplitude, are located in the long trichoid hairs on male carob moth antennae. Dose-response relationships indicated that puffs from cartridges loaded with at least 0.1 g of the formate or of the trienal were necessary to elicit spiking by either the small or the large-spiking cell within a sensillum. Cross-adaptation studies demonstrated that both compounds stimulated the same large-spiking cell. The frequencies of spikes evoked from the large cell when stimulated by emissions from 0.1-g, 1-g, or 10-g cartridges of either the formate or the trienal were not significantly different, suggesting that the formate is an effective mimic of the trienal at the antennal receptor cell level.     

Effects of plasma treatment on bioactivity of TiO2 coatings

In this work, nano-TiO₂ powders were deposited on titanium alloy substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying, followed by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) using hydrogen, oxygen and ammonia gases. The bioactivities of PIII-treated TiO₂ coatings were evaluated by the formation of apatite on their surface after soaked in simulated body fluids (SBF) for a period of time. As-sprayed TiO₂ coating is composed of rutile, anatase and TiO_2−x (most of them is Ti₃O₅). After immersion in SBF for two weeks, the hydrogen PIII-treated TiO₂ coating can induce bone-like apatite formation on its surface but apatite cannot be formed on the surface of as-sprayed and oxygen, ammonia PIII-treated TiO₂ coatings. The results obtained indicated that a hydrogenated surface plays a very important role to induce bioactivity of TiO₂ coatings.     

少量Ag对低Cu／Mg比的Al—Mg—Cu—Li合金组织与性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、拉伸试验、能谱分析、SEM及TEM观察，研究了少量Ag对低Cu／Mg比的Al-Mg-Cu-Li合金微观组织与性能的影响。实验结果表明：Ag的添加提高了该合金的硬度和强度，同时改善了其塑性，并延缓了过时效的发生。微观组织观察表明：Ag的添加促进Z相的均匀弥散析出，同时抑制了S＇相在缺陷处非均匀析出；并且Ag的添加还促使了时效初期合金中δ’相的细化和弥散分布，延缓了δ’相的长大。同时分析了析出相种类对合金塑性的影响。     

去甲氨噻肟酸乙酯合成研究

去甲氨噻肟酸乙酯是半合成头孢菌素药物的重要中间体之一.报道了在环合反应中,采用甲醇和水(体积比为1∶1)的混合溶剂代替二氯甲烷,甲醇等单一溶剂,反应温度在25℃左右下进行,收率明显提高,可达56.2%,结果令人满意.产品结构用1HNMR验证.     

Sex pheromone components of the geometrid mothsLobophora nivigerata andEpirrhoe sperryi

3Z,6Z,9Z-Nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19:H; other abbreviations follow the same pattern) has been identified as a female sex pheromone component of the geometrid mothEpirrhoe sperryi (H.). 3Z,6Z,9Z-18:H and 6Z,9Z-19:H were also identified in pheromone gland extracts but had no apparent biological activity. 3Z,6Z,9Z-21:H was tentatively identified as a female sex pheromone component of a second geometrid species,Lobophora nivigerata (Wlk.). Attraction of male moths to this compound was strongly synergized by the addition of small amounts of 6Z,9Z-21:H to lures.Issued as NRC No. 32478.     

(Z)-4-Tridecenal,a pheromonally active air oxidation product from a series of (Z,Z)-9,13 dienes inMacrocentrus grandii Goidanich (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

(Z)-4-Tridecenal was identified as a sex pheromone component ofMacrocentrus grandii, a larval parasitoid of the European corn borer. The aldehyde was found to be a common air oxidation product from a series of (Z,Z)-9,13-dienes of 27–33, 35, 37, 39, and 41 carbon atoms in female wasps. Synthetic (Z)-4-tridecenal and (Z,Z)-9,13-heptacosdiene each elicited flight initiation, upwind anemotaxis, casting, landing on the source, walking, wing fanning, and copulatory attempts by male wasps in a wind-tunnel. Field studies demonstrated that both compounds are synergized by a more polar component. Synthetic (E)-4-tridecenal was not attractive.     

Field trapping of threeEpinotia species with (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Field survey of the geometrical isomers of 7,9-dodecadienyl alcohol, acetate, and aldehyde has resulted in attractants and inhibitors for three species of tortricid moths.Epinotia silvertoniensis and an undescribedEpinotia sp. were all attracted to (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate. AnotherEpinotia sp. was attracted to (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol. Electroantennogram data and inhibition patterns for one of theEpinotia sp. are also reported. In addition,E. criddleana was attracted to lures containing (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate.     

Advancements in the design and validation of an air pollution integrated assessment model for Spain

This paper describes the design and application of the Atmospheric Evaluation and Research Integrated model for Spain (AERIS). Currently, AERIS can provide concentration profiles of NO₂, O₃, SO₂, NH₃, PM, as a response to emission variations of relevant sectors in Spain. Results are calculated using transfer matrices based on an air quality modelling system (AQMS) composed by the WRF (meteorology), SMOKE (emissions) and CMAQ (atmospheric-chemical processes) models. The AERIS outputs were statistically tested against the conventional AQMS and observations, revealing a good agreement in both cases. At the moment, integrated assessment in AERIS focuses only on the link between emissions and concentrations. The quantification of deposition, impacts (health, ecosystems) and costs will be introduced in the future. In conclusion, the main asset of AERIS is its accuracy in predicting air quality outcomes for different scenarios through a simple yet robust modelling framework, avoiding complex programming and long computing times.