改性废弃焦粉对氟离子的吸附

以NaClO为改性剂,制备焦粉基碳吸附材料(C-焦粉)。考察了各种影响因素对含氟废水中氟的吸附量的影响:吸附pH、吸附剂加入量、初始浓度和吸附时间。结果表明:时间为120 min,转速为150 r/min,pH=5.0~5.5时,C-焦粉的吸附性能最佳,且平衡液浓度达到国家饮用水标准。     

负载型吸附剂用于柴油吸附脱硫的研究

考察了改变吸附压力、温度、空速、剂油比、氧气流量等条件对吸附脱硫效果的影响。测试结果表明：负载型吸附剂的吸附脱硫性能和载体种类、负载活性组分的种类、含量及分散均匀度相关，载体对硫化物的吸附以物理吸附为主。     

低浓度煤层气提纯的研究现状

煤矿开采过程中排放出大量低浓度煤层气,提纯利用这部分煤层气对我国能源开发利用和环境保护意义重大,其难点是经济高效地分离CH4和N2.本文从CH4/N2分离技术、变压吸附分离CH4/N2吸附剂和制备新型炭分子筛3个方面逐层对低浓度煤层气提纯进行了综述和展望.介绍了CH4/N2分离技术研究进展,对其在低浓度煤层气提纯中的应用前景进行了对比.概述了常用变压吸附剂分离CH4/N2的研究现状,分析了它们在低浓度煤层气提纯应用中的优缺点,并提出了制取适合低浓度煤层气提纯用的新型炭分子筛的方法.     

钛系锂离子筛用于盐湖提锂的研究进展

随着新能源行业在世界范围内的快速发展,金属锂因其能量密度高等优势被广泛应用,从蕴含大量锂资源的盐湖卤水中提锂是获取锂资源的重要方向。盐湖提锂的方法主要有碳化法、沉淀法、离子筛吸附法、电化学辅助法等。离子筛吸附法适合从浓度低的液相中选择性回收锂,其中钛系锂离子筛因其稳定性强、吸附容量大而成为吸附法的研究热点。本文以钛系锂离子筛技术为立足点,对全球锂资源分布现状、钛系锂离子筛提锂机理进行了分析,综述了目前钛氧化物锂离子筛的合成方法、成型方法、现存的问题等,为后续开发新型钛系锂离子筛,提高饱和吸附容量等方面提供参考。     

Adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide and methane on carbonaceous adsorbents

Adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide and methane on different carbonaceous adsorbents were analyzed and compared. Coconut shell-based activated carbon has the highest adsorption capacity for two gases. Sips model describes the adsorption isotherms best. The separation factor on coconut shell-based activated carbon is the highest under various conditions, reaching about 3.8. The adsorption capacity of the two gases is closely related to the specific surface area and micropore volume of the adsorbent. The adsorbed amount of each component in the mixture is less than that of the pure component under the same condition, indicating that there is a competition in the adsorption process. The total adsorbed amount of the two gases decreases as the proportion of carbon dioxide decreases, implying that the adsorption process is dominated by carbon dioxide adsorption. Additionally, the separation factor decreases with increasing temperature. Understanding the adsorption behaviors of pure and binary carbon dioxide and methane is important in treating biomass gas using carbonaceous adsorbents.     

Magnetic temperature-sensitive molecularly imprinted materials for separation and enrichment of single component of formononetin in medicinal plants

The magnetic and temperature double response molecularly imprinted polymers for formononetin-specific adsorption (MTMIPs) were successfully prepared by using Fe₃O₄ as supporting matrix, formononetin as template, N-isopropyl acrylamide as the thermo-sensitive type functional monomer and methacrylic acid as auxiliary functional monomer. SEM, TEM, FT-IR, TGA and magnetic analysis were used to characterize the structure of MTMIPs, and then their adsorption properties and reproducibility were investigated. The results showed that MTMIPs was a core-shell structure with good thermal stability, good adsorption performance (16.43 mg/g) and fast adsorption performance. The adsorption kinetics of formononetin was consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetics model, and the adsorption process was consistent with the Langmuir monolayer adsorption with good reproducibility. HPLC test results show that MTMIPs can be used to separate and enrich formononetin from complex samples.     

A ternary TiO2/WO3/graphene nanocomposite adsorbent： facile preparation and efficient removal of Rhodamine B

Ternary TiO2/WO3/graphene （TWG） nanocomposites were prepared by a facile salt-ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption--desorption. Both anatase TiO2 and orthorhombic WO3 formed in the nanocomposites, along with a highly disordered overlay of individual graphene nanosheets. Polyhedral and spherical TiO/and WO3 nanoparticles of uniform size 10-30 nm were densely anchored to the graphene sheets. The maximum specific surface area of the products was 144.59 m2·g^-1. The products showed clear abilities for the removal of Rhodamine B in the absence of illumination. Furthermore, the adsorption activity of the products exhibited only a slight decrease after three successive cycles. The results demonstrate that the ternary nanocomposites could be used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the removal of environmental contaminants.     

液化石油气活性炭脱硫机理及研究进展

综述了液化石油气干法脱硫剂有关活性炭吸附剂的脱硫机理、脱硫路径及脱硫过程动力学的研究,从微孔吸附、含氮官能团催化氧化脱硫、金属催化氧化脱硫、水蒸气催化脱硫等方面对脱硫路径进行了详细讨论,最重要的步骤包括:1微孔吸附H_2S,使单质硫沉积在微孔中;2含N官能团在活性炭孔道内高度分散,形成催化活性中心;3金属离子负载到活性炭表面,与H_2S反应将金属离子还原成单质或低价态离子;4一定的湿度能使活性炭表面形成水膜,促使H_2S解离。分析了干法脱硫中活性炭基脱硫剂的脱硫机理及水膜在脱硫过程中的作用,归纳总结了提高脱硫效率的途径。对活性炭脱硫机理和脱硫过程的动力学进行了讨论,列举其速率表达式,表明反应活化能与硫的沉积量有关。     

气相色谱中碳固定相的演变

讨论各种类型碳吸附剂(活性炭、碳分子筛、石墨化炭黑和碳纳米材料)用作气相色谱固定相的演变。除硅胶以外,碳是气相色谱出现以来最早使用的固定相,起初主要是使用工业活性炭,后来对其改性以便改善和适应色谱分离性能。近年来,把各种类型的碳纳米材料(富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯)用于气相色谱固定相。