非金属矿物吸附剂在水处理方面的应用

粘土类非金属矿物具有良好的吸附和离子交换性能,在水处理方面有广阔的应用前景。各国研究者都对它们展开了大量的研究,以期取代价格昂贵的活性炭。本文介绍了几种常见矿物吸附剂的研究现状。     

Human serum albumin adsorption on poly[(glycidyl methacrylate)‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)] beads modified with a spacer‐arm‐attached L‐histidine ligand

Poly(GMA/MMA) beads were synthesized from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of a cross‐linker (i.e. ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) (EGDMA) via suspension polymerization. The epoxy groups of the poly(GMA/MMA) beads were converted into amino groups with either ammonia or 1,6‐diaminohexane (i.e. spacer‐arm). An L ‐histidine ligand was then covalently immobilized on the aminated (poly(GMA/MMA)‐AH) and/or the spacer‐arm attached (poly(GMA/MMA)‐SAH) beads using glutaric dialdehyde as a coupling agent. Both affinity adsorbents were used in human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption/desorption studies under defined pH, ionic strength or temperature conditions in a batch reactor. The spacer‐arm attached affinity adsorbent resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity to HSA when compared to the aminated counterpart (i.e. poly(GMA/MMA)‐AH). The maximum adsorption capacities of the affinity adsorbents were found to be significantly high, i.e. 43.7 and 80.2 mg g^?1 (of the beads), while the affinity constants, evaluated by the Langmuir model, were 3.96 × 10^?7 and 9.53 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 for poly(GMA/MMA)‐AH and poly(GMA/MMA)‐SAH, respectively. The adsorption capacities of the affinity adsorbents were decreased for HSA by increasing the ionic strength, adjusted with NaCl. The adsorption kinetics of HSA were analysed by using pseudo‐first and pseudo‐second‐order equations. The second‐order equation fitted well with the experimental data. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Adsorbents for the recovery of aroma compounds in fermentation processes

Using a model solution of 12 aroma compounds, representative of microbial volatiles, 31 different adsorptive materials were investigated with regard to their solid phase extraction and desorption properties. Well known styrene—divinylbenzene-based resins and alternative adsorbents including zeolites, β-cyclodextrin and modified activated carbon were compared. Adsorption/desorption rates in aqueous solution were determined for each adsorbent. Isotherms and adsorption kinetics were determined for the most effective adsorbents.     

Gossypol removal by adsorption from cottonseed miscella

A variety of aluminas (acidic, basic, and neutral), silica, and synthetic magnesium silicates were screened to evaluate their potential use as adsorbents,for reducing the content of gossypol and related compounds from hexane-based cotton-seed miscella. Among the tested adsorbents, one type of silica and two types of magnesium silicate with a relatively high Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area (≥240 m²/g) showed a superior adsorption capacity in reducing gossypol from hexane miscella. As a possible regenerating method for the spent adsorbents, washing with acetone was tested. The effect of pH in the washing solvent was also evaluated. Adsorbents that were regenerated by washing with acetone at pH values between 7 and 7.5 performed better than those at pH values between 6.5 and 7. The pH values of washing solvent were adjusted by using a small amount of caustic and 1 M HCl.     

Treatment of simulated arsenic contaminated groundwater using GAC‐Cu in batch reactor: Optimization of process parameters

This article deals with the experimental investigation related to the removal of arsenic from a simulated contaminated groundwater by the adsorption onto Cu²⁺ impregnated granular activated carbon (GAC‐Cu) in presence of impurities like Fe and Mn. The effects of adsorbent concentration, pH, and temperature on the percentage removal of total arsenic (As(T)), As(III), and As(V) have been discussed. Under the experimental conditions, the optimum adsorbent concentration for GAC‐Cu has been found to be 6 g/L with an agitation time of 24 h, which reduces the As(T) concentration from 188 to 8.5 µg/L. Maximum removal of As(V) and As(III) has been observed in the pH range of 7–9 and 9–11, respectively. Removal of all the above said arsenic species decreases slightly with increase in temperature. Presence of Fe and Mn increases the adsorption of arsenic species. Under the experimental conditions, at 30°C, maximum % removals of As(T), As(III), As(V), Fe, and Mn are found to be 95.5%, 93%, 98%, 100%, and 40%, respectively. It has also been observed that maximum regeneration (～94%) of spent GAC‐Cu is exhibited by a 5NH₂SO₄ solution.     

Preparation of adsorbents made from sewage sludges for adsorption of organic materials from wastewater

The carbon-bearing adsorbents were prepared from biochemical and surplus sludges by physical activation and chemical activation. The results indicated that the adsorbents made by way of chemical activation were better, with the optimum activator being complex of ZnCl(2) and H(2)SO(4). Moreover, the optimum preparation conditions were concentration of two activators 5 mol/L (the ratio of ZnCl(2) and H(2)SO(4) was 2:1), at the activating temperature of 550 degrees C, in the proportion of solid to liquid 1:2.5, in a period of 2h. Contrasting the active carbon, the carbon-bearing adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), BET and BJH. By application of those adsorbents to treatment of wastewater of urban, the treatment effect of the carbon-bearing adsorbents were better than the active carbon. On the condition that the concentration was 0.5%, the COD, P and chromaticity color removal rates of carbon-bearing adsorbent made from the biochemical sludge of sewage were higher, which were 79.1, 98.3 and 87.5%, respectively, and the dynamic adsorption capacity was 47.8 mg/g.     

Laboratory based approaches for arsenic remediation from contaminated water: recent developments

Arsenic contamination in water has posed severe health problems around the world. In spite of the availability of some conventional techniques for arsenic removal from contaminated water, development of new laboratory based techniques along with enhancement and cost reduction of conventional techniques are essential for the benefit of common people. This paper provides an overview of the arsenic issue in water such as modes of contamination of ground water as well as surface water by arsenic, its metabolism and health impacts, factors influencing arsenic poisoning, fundamentals of arsenic poisoning mechanism and world scenario of arsenic poisoning. It discusses and compares the conventional laboratory based techniques, like precipitation with alum, iron, Fe/Mn, lime softening, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, ion exchanges, adsorption on activated alumina/carbon, etc., for arsenic removal from contaminated water. It also discusses the best available techniques and mentions the cost comparison among these techniques too. Recent developments in the research on the laboratory based arsenic removal techniques, like improvement of conventional techniques and advances in removal technology along with its scopes and limitations have also been reviewed.     

选择吸附脱硫研究进展

燃油中的含硫化合物在高温燃烧时生成的硫氧化物是大气中主要的污染物之一,对环境和人类健康有极大的危害。本文介绍了目前所发展的燃油脱硫的常用方法,重点阐述了吸附脱硫技术的研究进展。首先对吸附脱硫剂的开发现状进行了介绍,对目前发展的多种吸附脱硫剂包括活性炭、金属有机物框架、表面分子印迹聚合物、无机吸附剂的吸附脱硫量、选择吸附性、吸附影响因素进行了深入分析,总结了不同吸附剂的脱硫机理,并对不同吸附剂的再生方法、再生后的吸附效果进行了概述和评价。随后对比总结了这几类吸附剂的优缺点。最后介绍了目前吸附脱硫技术所存在的问题,指出开发在非硫化合物存在的情况下对含硫有机物具有高选择性、再生性能好的吸附脱硫剂是未来的发展趋势。     

Progress of hemoadsorbent materials for hemoperfusion

Hemoperfusion is one type of extracorporeal blood purification therapy. Based on adsorption, the toxins in blood of patients can be efficiently removed by hemoadsorbents. The core of hemoperfusion therapy is the hemoadsorbent materials. The development of high-performance hemoadsorbents will improve the therapeutic efficiency and effect, and reduce or eliminate the severe side effect, thus boosting the development of hemoperfusion technology. Herein, the recent studies of hemoadsorbents are reviewed, including carbon-based materials, polymer-based materials, silica-based materials, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based materials, adsorption membrane-based materials, novel hemoadsorbents, etc., and the future direction is prospected to provide a guideline for the development of novel hemoadsorbents.     

Preparation of Chelating Polymer Grafted Magnetic Adsorbent and Its Application for Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) Ions

A novel magnetic chelating adsorbent (CPMS) with iminodiacetate functionality was prepared by polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate-iminodiacetic acid (GMA-IDA) monomer with N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker in the presence of monodisperse magnetic silica microspheres (MS). CPMS was characterized by IR, SEM, VSM and TGA. The experimental results revealed that MS was embedded in the gel polymer, but the morphology of CPMS was irregular. The saturation magnetization for CPMS was found to be 28.4 emu/g, and the percentage of GMA-IDA polymer grafted on MS was about 46.5%. CPMS were shown to be efficient for the removal of Pb(II) ions at pH 3.0 - 6.0, and the adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 54.4 mg?g?1 at pH 5.0. Moreover, the adsorption rate of CPMS was fast and it took about 5 minutes to achieve adsorption equilibrium in aqueous solution of lower lead ions concentration.