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91.
Different qualities of concrete have been fire tested using different geometries of the specimens as well as different load levels and load configurations. The main objective with the study was to examine a test methodology consisting of a full‐scale test and different small scale‐tests for determining the probability of spalling and the amount of spalling of fire exposed concrete structures. A reference specimen was defined as a one‐sided fire exposed slab with the dimensions 1800 × 1200 mm2 giving an exposed area of 1500 × 1200 mm2. A number of concrete qualities with different probabilities for spalling, were tested using the reference specimen. These tests showed that the reference specimens worked well giving the expected test results. Small specimens were manufactured in different shapes with the same concrete as the one used in the reference tests. These small specimens were tested either at the same time as the reference specimens in the large furnace or afterwards on a small‐scale furnace where the fire exposed surface was 450 × 360 mm2. The test results clearly show the increased probability and the increased amount of spalling by using external compressive loading. The results also show that by using pre‐stress through bars or wires the load can be lost due to heating of the bars/wires which results in a decreased amount of spalling. The boundary of the specimen also affects the amount of spalling. The spalling around the edges was in all tests less than the spalling on the central parts of the exposed area. It could also be noted that the spalling did not pass completely through any of the specimens. The reason for this is probably that the water/vapour could migrate out from the unexposed surface of the specimen. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
LU Hailin ZHANG Mingyuan LI Zhongxian 《武汉理工大学学报(材料科学英文版)》2007,22(2):371-375
The effect of steel fibre used in concrete was systematically analyzed by model testing of 30 2-pile thick caps of steel-fibre reinforced concrete, in which the model scale was 1:5. The experiment system composed of a loading device, strain measurement system and a data-acquisition system was used, also an electromechanic centigrade scale, a lens and a Y J-25 static resistance strainometer were used.The experimental results show that the volumetric rate of steel fibre and draw ratio have an important influence on its load-bearing capacity. The incorporation of steel fibre can effectively improve the extension and reduce the thickness of the caps. 相似文献
93.
An incremental iterative process based on direct energy minimization is presented for a limit analysis of nonlinear elastic lateral displacements and twists of reinforced and prestressed beams. Problems encountered with the constitutive relations are discussed and two possible material models are presented. 相似文献
94.
Costas Chaikalis 《Wireless Personal Communications》2007,41(1):77-97
Reconfiguration concept represents reconfigurable functionalities of the radio interface for mobile radio systems. Particularly
for the physical layer, some possible reconfigurable architectures can be identified. We focus on outer interleaving for turbo
codes, which can improve their performance in flat Rayleigh fading environment. The larger the number of columns in the outer
interleaver, the better is the performance, but with the penalty of more complexity and delay. Furthermore, an incorrect choice
of the number of columns can increase the bit and frame error rates. Therefore, it would be advantageous to reconfigure the
outer interleaver in different operating environments with the optimum number of columns. Using two different data frame lengths,
in this contribution simulation results are presented for the four possible outer block interleaver configurations specified
for the 3GPP mobile standard in the case of flat Rayleigh fading channel. It is shown that different operating environments
require an optimum number of columns in terms of bit error rate and frame error rate performance. Finally, frame fade duration
is considered and the effect of the product of the Doppler frequency with the frame duration on the performance for the four
different 3GPP outer block interleaver configurations is discussed.
Costas Chaikalis was born in Athens, Greece, on March 7, 1973. He received the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering in 1995 from Technological
Educational Institute of Lamia, Greece. He also received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Department of Electronics and Telecommunications,
University of Bradford, Bradford, UK in 1999 and 2003, respectively. During his doctoral studies he worked as a Research Assistant
for Mobile Virtual Center of Excellence (Mobile VCE), Terminals Group, UK. Since 2003, he is a lecturer in the Department
of Electrical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Lamia, Greece. His research interests are in all areas of
mobile communications but especially in forward error correction coding, reconfigurable (software radio) architectures, cross
layer architectures and DSP applications. 相似文献
95.
连续、高强度、快速施工既是碾压混凝土坝的施工特点,也是层间结合质量的根本保证。龙滩水电站碾压混凝土浇筑采用了合理的入仓手段和机械设备配置,通过配套的碾压混凝土施工技术的应用和健全的管理体系,有效地提高了碾压混凝土施工强度,保证了施工进度和施工质量。 相似文献
96.
在搜集国内外有关资料的基础上,通过对混凝土在多轴应力作用下的徐变与强度关系分析,说明在多轴应力状态下不能简单地采用叠加原理。展示了新的三轴徐变量测仪器及其徐变试验成果以及2组多轴与单轴应力状态下的徐变恢复试验成果,并对试验数据进行比较分析,得到多轴应力状态下徐变恢复与应力大小以及持荷时间之间的规律,证实了多轴应力状态下的徐变恢复与已经产生的压缩徐变有密切的关系。 相似文献
97.
In wintertime, the use of studded tyres is common in the Nordic countries, steeply in creasing road wear. Apart from reducing surface quality and durability, the airborne dust presents a potential health hazard. To reduce road wear and dust release, there is a tendency to use harder and more wear-resistant aggregate materials.On the roads in and around Trondheim, mid-Norway, three types of aggregate material are common: greenstone, jasper and ‘mylonite’, in fact a cataclasite. Extensive laboratory testing suggests that cataclasite aggregate has better wear resistance than greenstone, but less than jasper [Erichsen E, Schiellerup H, Gautneb, H, Ottesen RT, Broekmans M. Road dust in Trondheim — analysis of the mineral content of airborne dust. (In Norwegian.) Geological Survey of Norway, NGU-report 2004. 037; 2004. p. 73]. However , observations on fluorescence-impregnated plane and thin sections demonstrate that in practice, cataclasite wears faster than greenstone, which may be attributed to its oriented fabric, as opposed to the random fabric in greenstone and jasper. The original article by Rosiwal from 1896 [Rosiwal A. Neue Untersuchungser gebnisse über die Härte von Mineralien und Gesteine. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, vol. 17/18; 1896. p. 475–491] on abrasion hardness and anisotropy provides an elegant explanation for the field observations. 相似文献
98.
超声-回弹-钻芯综合法测强初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于超声-回弹综合法和钻芯法检测结构混凝土强度的原理及优缺点分析,对采用超声-回弹综合法和钻芯取样法联合测强的方法:超声-回弹-钻芯综合法进行了理论研究,并结合统计理论给出了其中相关参数的确定方法。工程实例证明,该测试方法费用合理、损伤较小,且结果可靠、精度高、可在桥梁、基础等工程中推广应用。 相似文献
99.
本文通过阐述新的阳极炭块测试方法,提出了降低阳极炭块Fe-C压降的思路,并分析了降低阳极炭块压降对我公司经济效益的影响,可供同行参考。 相似文献
100.