稻壳纤维素制备阴离子交换剂及其性能的研究

采用稻壳纤维素,通过硝化、碱化、老化、交联、胺化等制备工艺,制得了表面具有甲胺基团的阴离子交换剂。直接耐晒翠蓝阴离子交换的性能实验表明,选择三甲胺盐酸盐作为胺化剂,胺化温度为65℃时,制备的离子交换剂的交换率最高。通过正交实验得出在pH值为4,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为120 min的条件下,稻壳基离子交换剂对直接耐晒翠蓝阴离子交换效果较好。离子交换过程的动力学研究表明,在反应前期(前80 min),离子交换行为为膜扩散所控制;在反应后期(80 min后),为内部扩散所控制。     

MIEX对水中溴离子的去除效能及其影响因素

利用烧杯试验研究了一种新型磁性离子交换树脂（MIEX）对水中溴离子的去除效能,并考察了水中常见阴离子及有机物对其去除效果的影响。试验结果表明,MIEX可以有效去除纯水中的溴离子,投加量为10 mL/L和20 mL/L时其对溴离子去除率均在90%以上,且达到交换平衡时间分别为5 min和3 min。水中常见的其它带负电物质会在一定程度上影响溴离子的去除效果,在常见的含量条件下10 mL/L的MIEX对溴离子的去除率一般在50%以上。阴离子含量以及MIEX的选择性是影响其对溴离子去除效果的主要因素。有机物的存在使MIEX对溴离子的去除率明显下降,去除率在70%左右。MIEX对有机物、阴离子的去除过程存在差异：10 mL/L的MIEX去除阴离子的反应平衡时间在5 min左右,而去除有机物的平衡时间则较长,其对2种表征有机物含量的指标（UV 254、DOC）的去除稳定时间均在20 min以上。     

负离子远红外功能整理剂及其在纺织业中的应用

负离子功能整理剂及用于家居的整理织物，会持续发生负离子，中和空气中正离子，起到净化空气、促进血液循环、抗菌除臭、远红外蓄热等作用．探讨了负离子远红外整理剂的制备及在纺织上的应用．     

Influence of structural variations on imidazolium‐based ionic liquids

In this work, a fundamental study of ionic liquids (ILs) is shown. The main goal was to establish relationships between rheological and tribological properties of ILs and to understand how these properties are linked to the molecular structure of ILs. Of particular interest were the effects occurring to a frictional system due to variations of the anions and the alkyl chain length of the imidazolium‐based cations. Tribological experiments were performed using a reciprocating ball‐on‐disc test machine. To understand the effects resulting from a variation of the structural characteristics of the used ILs on the rheological properties, studies were performed using a rheometer. The results obtained are very promising in terms of improving friction and wear behaviour by using ILs as lubricants. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Template effect on structure and morphology of Ni(OH)2 powders prepared by hydro-chemical method

The template effect controlling the structure and morphology of ultrafine particles was described. Ni(OH)₂ powders were prepared by NH₃ coordination-precipitation method. The effects of SO ₄ ²⁻ , NO ₃ ⁻ , Cl⁻, NH₃, pH value on Ni(OH)₂ structure and morphology were investigated experimentally, explained with the theoretical model that the growth units were the polyhedral structure of coordination anions. The results showed that the structure and morphology of Ni(OH)₂ were effectively controlled by the growth units, the dimensions and the linking patterns of the growth units vary with the changes of physical and chemical conditions in the aqueous solution. Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59774018) Biography of the first author: LIU Zhi-hong, professor, born in 1963, majoring in hydrometallurgical technology and control of structure and morphology of powders.     

影响掺杂聚吡咯(PPy)导电性能的因素

综述了对掺杂聚吡咯的导电能力影响因素的研究成果。主要就溶剂、掺杂离子、合成温度对聚吡咯电导率的影响进行了深入的讨论。通过对各类试验结果和讨论的综合分析 ,以找出其一般性的规律 ,并依据得出的结论提出一些有望改善聚吡咯导电能力的措施     

电离辐射及超氧阴离子基对人血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换的诱发作用

用姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)作为指标,研究了~(60)Coγ射线辐照及NADH-PMS(吩嗪硫酸甲酯)系统中产生的超氧阴离子自由基(0_2~(·-))对胎儿脐血淋巴细胞染色体的损伤作用,及活性氧清除剂SOD和甘露醇的保护作用。结果显示γ射线及0_2~(·-)都能诱发细胞SCE频率显著升高,且存在一定的剂量-效应关系。SOD及甘露醇对0_2~(·-)诱发的损伤有明显的保护作用。     

兰州城区某地自然降尘特性及其变化规律

用仪器中子活化法分析了１９９３年９月至１９９４年８月间兰州城区自然降尘中３２种元素的浓度，用离子色谱法测定了７种水溶性阴离子的浓度，计算了元素的富集因子。初步探明了降尘的化学组成及其中元素、水溶性离子的分布和变化规律。     

目视法检测阴离子用显色剂的研究进展

评述了以超分子化学分子识别为基础发展起来的新型阴离子目视显色剂,内容主要包括显色剂对选择性阴离子的显色属性以及显色属性和显色剂结构的关系.