Sorption behaviors of aromatic anions on loess soil modified with cationic surfactant

Modification of soils with hydrophobic cationic surfactants is an effective approach for enhancing the sorptive capabilities of soil in the vadose zone for the purpose of retaining organic contaminants prior to cleanup. The objective of this study was to examine the sorptive behavior of the cationic surfactant-modified loess soil for aromatic anions in the aqueous phase in an attempt to define the sorptive mechanisms. Some dominant factors governing the sorption, such as ionic strength and divalent heavy metal cation, were investigated. The sorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and benzoic acid (BA) in the modified soil samples were obtained using the batch equilibration method. Under the laboratory conditions, the modified loess soil utilized in this study was prepared by replacing the cations of loess soil with a cationic surfactant—hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide. The acidic aromatic compounds, DNP and BA existing as aromatic anions in the natural mixture of loess soil and aqueous phase, were selected as indicator compounds to measured the sorption behaviors of aromatic anions on the HDTMA-modified loess soil. The results confirmed that the sorptive capabilities of aromatic anions in loess soil were greatly enhanced by modification with HDTMA. The increase of ionic strength and the addition of divalent heavy metal cation Zn²⁺ significantly increased the sorption of aromatic anions on the HDTMA-modified loess soil. In binary solute systems, the sorbed amounts either of DNP or BA on the HDTMA-modified loess soil were reduced if two compounds existed simultaneously in the soil. This results indicated that competitive adsorption between the two aromatic anions occurred in soil matrix.     

BX_4~-(X=H,F,Cl,Br,I)的相对论赝势从头算研究(Ⅲ)

本文应用相对论赝势ab initio的方法,系统地研究了三卤化硼与卤素负离子反应生成的四卤化硼负离子的几何结构,并预测了BX_4~-(X=cl,Br,I)的键长。计算了该系列的稳定化能,得出稳定性顺序为BH_4~->>BF_4~->>BCl_4~->BBr_4~->BI_4~-。分析其电子结构得出,该系列分子的成键主要通过硼和卤素的σ轨道作用。     

MIEX对水中溴离子的去除效能及其影响因素

利用烧杯试验研究了一种新型磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX)对水中溴离子的去除效能,并考察了水中常见阴离子及有机物对其去除效果的影响.试验结果表明,MIEX可以有效去除纯水中的溴离子,投加量为10 mL/L和20 mL/L时其对溴离子去除率均在90％以上,且达到交换平衡时间分别为5 min和3 min.水中常见的其它带负电物质会在一定程度上影响溴离子的去除效果,在常见的含量条件下10 mL/L的MIEX对溴离子的去除率一般在50％以上.阴离子含量以及MIEX的选择性是影响其对溴离子去除效果的主要因素.有机物的存在使MIEX对溴离子的去除率明显下降,去除率在70％左右.MIEX对有机物、阴离子的去除过程存在差异:10 mL/L的MIEX去除阴离子的反应平衡时间在5 min左右,而去除有机物的平衡时间则较长,其对2种表征有机物含量的指标(UV254、DOC)的去除稳定时间均在20 min以上.     

PPY掺杂离子对电催化脱氯Pd/PPY/Ni电极的影响

为制备高效稳定的用于电催化去除氯代有机物的电极,采用扫描电子显微镜和电催化脱氯实验考察不同聚吡咯掺杂离子对Pd/PPY/Ni复合电极的形貌和电催化加氢脱氯性能的影响.将制备的电极在强吸附性阴离子存在情况下,考察其电催化性能的变化.结果表明,掺杂离子对复合电极的形貌和电催化性能有显著的影响,对甲苯磺酸掺杂的聚吡咯对应的Pd/PPY(PTS)/Ni电极有最高的电催化加氢脱氯效率(高达91.1％),高氯酸钠掺杂的聚吡咯对应的电极电催化性能最差.电催化体系中强吸附离子(ClO4-,Cl-)的存在对电极性能有微弱影响,表明电极具有良好的稳定性,可高效去除水中的氯酚类氯代有机物.     

On the pitting corrosion currents of zinc by chloride anions

The changes in the pitting corrosion current density with time on zinc electrode concerning the concentration of both the passivating borate and the aggressive chloride anions were followed using a simple electrolytic cell. The pitting corrosion currents started to flow after an induction period, τ. This period is found to be a function of the concentration of Cl⁻ anion, according to the relation logτ=β−γlogC_Cl⁻. The pitting corrosion currents finally reached a steady-state value, which depended on the concentration of both B₄O₇²⁻ and Cl⁻ anions. At a constant B₄O₇²⁻ anion concentration, the pitting corrosion current varied with the concentration of Cl⁻ anion according to the relation logi_pit=a₁+b₁logC_Cl⁻. It also varies at constant Cl⁻ anion concentration and various B₄O₇²⁻ anion concentration according to the relation logi_pit=a₂−b₂logC_B4O7²⁻. The susceptibility of the passivating zinc to pitting corrosion was found to be increasing as the temperature and pH of the solution increases. Results are discussed on the basis of adsorption of the aggressive anion on the passivating film, followed by penetration through the film and incorporation in it. This undermines the oxide film and causes pitting corrosion.     

Concerted mechanisms of acid-base catalysis in coordination sphere of metal complexes

Kinetics and mechanisms of the following reactions in organic solvents have been studied: (i) formation of Schiff bases from aniline and derivatives of salicylic aldehyde coordinated to Cu(II) and Zn(II); (ii) substitution of one -diketonate ligand coordinated to Fe(III) by another -diketonate ligand; (iii) formation of coordinated hemiacetals from -diketonate ligands and alcohols in coordination sphere of Fe(III); and (iv) formation of urethanes in coordination sphere of Fe(III) (acac)₂ OR where acac and OR are acetylacetonate and alkoxide anions. Such compounds as aniline, alcohols and phenylacetylene serve as catalysts of these reactions. Their catalytic action is explained by concerted processes of hydrogen atom transfer in cyclic intermediate structures.Presented in part at the Royal Society-U.S.S.R. Academy Workshop on Catalysis, Oxford, April 1989.     

Template Effect on Structure and Morphology of Ni(OH)2 Powders Prepared by Hydro-chemical Method

Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｐｏｗｄｅｒｓａｒｅｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ ,ｍａｉｎｌｙｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｚｅ,ｓｈａｐｅａｎｄｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｎｉｔｙｏｆｐｏｗｄｅｒｓ[1].Ｆｏｒｐｏｗｄｅｒｓｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄｂｙｈｙｄｒｏ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄ ,ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌａｎｄｍｏｒ ｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｐｏｗｄｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄｂｙｔｈｅａｄｊｕｓｔｍ…     

在线基体消除-毛细管离子色谱测定有机溶剂中的痕量阴离子

建立了在线基体消除-毛细管离子色谱测定有机溶剂中痕量阴离子的方法。有机溶剂样品经过阴离子浓缩柱（MAC200整体柱）,痕量目标阴离子被浓缩的同时,有机溶剂不被保留而去除,接着目标离子转入毛细管离子色谱系统进行分析。六种阴离子（氟离子、氯离子、亚硝酸根、硝酸根、硫酸根和磷酸根）在1-100μg/L线性范围内,相关系数（r2）为0.9991～0.9999,考察的阴离子检出限（以S/N=3计）为2.2-34.8ng/L。用于实际样品检测,取得了很好的效果。     

电路板表面无机阴离子和有机酸的离子色谱法研究

建立了一种梯度淋洗离子色谱法分析印刷电路板中无机阴离子和有机酸污染物的方法。印刷电路板经体积分数为75%的异丙醇提取液提取后,经预处理柱除去异丙醇对测定的干扰,以阴离子交换分离柱分离,氢氧化钠淋洗液梯度洗脱。方法简单可行,几种离子的相对标准偏差在6%以下,回收率达到92%～105%,可用于印刷电路板的质量控制。