乳化油废水处理研究

本文主要研究了对乳化油废水的处理,首先在实验室条件下研究了乳化油废水的处理,进而进行了小试,在实验和小试的基础上得出利用混凝沉淀、气浮除油和生化降解三级处理方法是完全能够处理好乳化油废水的。文中所列数据可为实际设计提供参考。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物对土壤重金属的稳定化效应

随着工业的发展,特别是采矿冶炼等行业的发展,使含重金属的废弃物进入土壤,造成土壤重金属污染,对环境和人体健康产生极大威胁。本文以湖南怀化某铅锌矿渣堆放地周围污染土壤为研究目标,通过壳聚糖及其衍生物对污染土壤中重金属离子的稳定化实验,筛选出对目标重金属（Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺）具有最佳稳定效果的稳定剂,探究了稳定剂对土壤中重金属离子的稳定机理,并在模拟酸雨淋溶条件下研究了最佳稳定剂对重金属离子的长期稳定化效果。稳定化实验结果表明,壳聚糖及其衍生物对土壤重金属离子均有稳定化作用,其中羧甲基壳聚糖的稳定效果最好,其使污染土壤中重金属离子的可迁移性及生物有效性明显降低。通过重金属形态分析、扫描电镜（SEM）及X射线衍射（XRD）分析得出稳定剂与土壤中重金属离子发生反应生成络合物,并通过机理分析进一步验证了羧甲基壳聚糖的稳定效果最好;淋溶实验表明,羧甲基壳聚糖对土壤中重金属离子具有长期稳定性,经其稳定后土壤中重金属离子以更稳定不易迁移的形态存在,且使土壤环境得到改善,增强了土壤本身对重金属离子的稳定。羧甲基壳聚糖有望成为修复重金属（Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺）污染土壤的优良稳定剂。     

十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵对生物除磷的影响研究

利用静态研究了十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DDBAC)对生物除磷的影响,通过设置不同DDBAC含量及空白对照对好氧吸磷和厌氧释磷进行了分析.结果表明,厌氧初始COD在400mg·L-1左右时,随着DDBAC负荷的增加,系统释磷能力增强;随着DDBAC含量的增加,吸磷速率降低直至丧失了吸磷特性;DDBAC的存在对生物除磷系...     

生物活性炭深度处理循环水产养殖废水研究

以经过臭氧氧化消毒→机械过滤→生物过滤的养鱼废水为原水,研究了生物活性炭对水产养殖废水中氨氮、亚硝态氮和COD深度处理的效果,并与活性炭吸附处理进行了对比研究.结果表明,在滤速14m·h-1、进水水温23.3～30.3℃、pH为7.35～8.06、溶解氧质量浓度为6.0～8.1 mg·L-1、氨氮质量浓度0.204～0.984mg·L-1、亚硝态氮质量浓度0.090～1.003 mg·L-1、COD为13.44～26.80mg·L-1的条件下,生物活性炭对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和COD的平均去除率分别达到85.5%、90.1%和43.8%.经生物活性炭处理后,出水氨氮和亚硝态氮浓度均达到了花鳗养殖对水质的要求,达标率分别为100%和97.6%,可以循环回用;在滤速14m·h-1,低进水氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度下,活性炭吸附对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮几乎没有去除作用,但对COD的吸附去除率高达52.3%.     

Anticoagulant, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Heterofucans from the Seaweed Dictyopteris delicatula

In the present study, six families of sulfated polysaccharides were obtained from seaweed Dictyopteris delicatula by proteolytic digestion, followed by acetone fractionation and molecular sieving on Sephadex G-100. Chemical analyses demonstrated that all polysaccharides contain heterofucans composed mainly of fucose, xylose, glucose, galactose, uronic acid, and sulfate. The fucans F0.5v and F0.7v at 1.0 mg/mL showed high ferric chelating activity (～45%), whereas fucans F1.3v (0.5 mg/mL) showed considerable reducing power, about 53.2% of the activity of vitamin C. The fucan F1.5v presented the most prominent anticoagulant activity. The best antiproliferative activity was found with fucans F1.3v and F0.7v. However, F1.3v activity was much higher than F0.7v inhibiting almost 100% of HeLa cell proliferation. These fucans have been selected for further studies on structural characterization as well as in vivo experiments, which are already in progress.     

Environmental applications of biosurfactants: recent advances

Increasing public awareness of environmental pollution influences the search and development of technologies that help in clean up of organic and inorganic contaminants such as hydrocarbons and metals. An alternative and eco-friendly method of remediation technology of environments contaminated with these pollutants is the use of biosurfactants and biosurfactant-producing microorganisms. The diversity of biosurfactants makes them an attractive group of compounds for potential use in a wide variety of industrial and biotechnological applications. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of advances in the applications of biosurfactants and biosurfactant-producing microorganisms in hydrocarbon and metal remediation technologies.     

Synthesis and pro-apoptotic activity of novel glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives

Triterpenoids are used for medicinal purposes in many countries. Some, such as oleanolic and glycyrrhetinic acids, are known to be anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic. However, the biological activities of these naturally occurring molecules against their particular targets are weak, so the synthesis of new synthetic analogues with enhanced potency is needed. By combining modifications to both the A and C rings of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid, the novel synthetic derivative methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18βH-olean-9(11),1(2)-dien-30-oate was obtained. This derivative displays high antiproliferative activity in cancer cells, including a cell line with a multidrug-resistance phenotype. It causes cell death by inducing the intrinsic caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.     

两种UASB+好氧组合工艺处理生活污水试验研究

对UASB与跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池种组合工艺对生活污水的处理效果进行研究,并对跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池作为厌氧后处理的可行性作进一步的探讨.研究表明,UASB反应器在厌氧出水后加后续的好氧处理装置如跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池,能有效去除生活污水中的COD,与只用UASB反应器相比去除率分别提高了28.4%和44.1%,总平均...     

生物脱氮中N2O产生过程的微生物作用

N2O是一种重要的温室气体.微生物的生物硝化反硝化过程是N2O产生的主要来源.从微生物学的角度阐述了脱氮过程中N2O的产生过程,并分析了不同脱氮过程中各菌种对N2O产生过程的作用.硝化过程中N2O主要产生于氨氧化细菌的氨氧化过程,亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的存在可以减少N2O的产量;反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐的积累,低氧和碳源不足都会导致N2O产生量的增加;另外,其他一些参与氮循环的微生物也会产生N2O.文章最后给出了污水脱氮过程中N2O减量化的策略以及今后研究的方向.     

市政污水厂出水回用电厂循环水系统工艺研究

采用曝气生物滤池+高效混凝沉淀组合工艺对河北邢台某污水处理厂的二级出水进行了回用中试研究.研究表明:二级出水经组合工艺处理后,CODCr的平均去除率为63.4%-69.2%,浊度的平均去除率为91.8%-95.4%,氨氮的平均去除率为90.5%-95.9%,处理出水可以满足电厂循环冷却水水质要求.