微丸压片法制备单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片

目的制备单硝酸异山梨酯微丸缓释片,考察体外释放度。方法制备单硝酸异山梨酯微丸,包衣后压制缓释片,通过考察不同包衣材料、丸芯大小、压片压力及包衣增重对缓释片体外释放度的影响,筛选并确定最佳处方。结果按优化处方制备的单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片体外释放度与市售单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片体外释放度一致。结论制备的制剂处方合理,工艺可行,体外释放度与市售片一致。     

粉碎粒径对茶叶水不溶多糖功能特性的影响研究

探讨不同粉碎粒径对茶叶水不溶多糖(ITPs)功能特性的影响。方法:制备不同粉碎粒径的茶叶水不溶多糖,通过持水力(包括水合能力和膨胀力)、吸附性能(包括持油性和胆酸钠结合能力)等功能特性的测定,分析粉碎粒径对茶叶水不溶多糖功能特性的影响。结果:粉碎粒径对茶叶水不溶多糖的功能特性可产生较大影响,其结合水力和膨胀力随茶叶水不溶多糖粒径的减小先减小后逐渐增大,其中结合水力在多糖粒径达超微粉时最大,为粗粉的1.20倍,而膨胀力在多糖粒径达细粉级时最大,为粗粉的1.08倍,粒径达超微粉时出现下降趋势。持油性与结合胆酸钠能力均在超微粉时最大,分别是粗粉的1.42倍和1.22倍。结论:本实验为茶叶的开发利用提供了基础研究数据。     

氧化铁涂层砂改性滤料除氟性能研究

介绍了氧化铁涂层砂和未涂层石英砂除氟过滤比较：氧化铁涂层砂除氟效果显著,却除率达９０％以上,基本遵循低ＰＨ高去除率的规律;石英砂对水中的氟无任何去除效果。     

复合水泥粒径分布对强度影响的初步探讨

本文通过测定复合水泥各组分的粒径分布,测定和计算复合水泥的堆积密度,测定水泥砂浆的强度,得出：水泥石强度并不一定随水泥细度的增加、组分水化活性的提高而提高,水泥颗粒越细,水化活性越高,同时体系的堆积密度也越小;相反提高粒径,增加堆积密度也要牺牲水化活性。复合水泥的最佳粒径分布应该使体系的堆积密度和水泥颗粒的水化活性相匹配。使体系获得尽可能大堆积密度,同时所产生的水化物足以使体系的原始孔隙被完全填充     

颗粒度对乳粉品质稳定性的影响

目的通过建立乳粉感官评价体系和理化指标评价体系两个评价方法来反映乳粉的品质稳定性,从而综合评定乳粉颗粒度对乳粉品质稳定性的影响。方法乳粉的感官主要从乳粉的气味、冲调液的滋味和气味方面进行感官评定。乳粉的理化评价体系主要考察乳粉的表面油含量、酸值及过氧化值。结合感官评价体系和理化评价体系的结果,调整乳粉生产工艺,选择最佳的乳粉颗粒度。结果乳粉的颗粒大小、脂肪的存在形态影响乳粉的品质稳定性。结果表明乳粉颗粒越大,其品质稳定性相对越高。结论综合感官及理化指标,颗粒度与乳粉的感官及品质稳定性呈正相关:乳粉的颗粒越大,感官得分越高,理化指标(表面油含量、酸值及过氧化值)越低,乳粉的品质稳定性越好。     

有砟轨道路基翻浆冒泥模型试验系统的研发与应用

为研究既有线有砟轨道路基的翻浆冒泥机理,自主研发了一套能够模拟循环荷载–湿化耦合作用的模型试验系统。模型试样直径500 mm,由厚度分别为350 mm的路基土和200 mm的道砟组成,整个试样在高强度透明有机玻璃模型筒中制备完成。模型试验系统配备有监测荷载、位移、体积含水率和孔隙水压力的4种传感器,并通过高清相机对颗粒迁移过程进行图像捕捉。基于所研发的试验系统,针对辛泰铁路典型翻浆冒泥病害路段土样,开展翻浆冒泥模型试验。试验结果表明：动孔隙水压力是导致翻浆冒泥病害产生的关键因素。随着体积含水率的增加,动孔隙水压力引起的颗粒迁移量逐渐增加;在饱和状态下,会引起大量颗粒迁移,翻浆冒泥现象显著。试验结束时,道砟污染指数达到25%,在实际工程中已严重影响铁路的正常运营,有必要对污染道砟进行换填。     

Fast reactions with nano- and micrometer aluminum: A study on oxidation versus fluorination

The use of fluorine as an oxidizing agent in aluminum (Al)-based thermite reactions yields higher peak pressures and an increase in gas production compared with oxygen-containing oxidizers, such as molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃). Thus fluorination reactions have the potential to excel in situations that require high pressures and flame speeds. This study compares the combustion behaviors of Al/Teflon, Al/MoO₃/Teflon, and Al/MoO₃ in an effort to determine the effects that the replacement of oxygen with fluorine has on the reaction dynamics in both open and confined burning configurations. Data were collected from pressure sensors and high-speed imaging. The mass percent of Al was varied from 10 to 90% to study the effects of composition. The composites were then further tested at the optimum stoichiometry using either 50 nm or 1-3 μm Al to examine the effect of Al particle size. The addition of Teflon in an open configuration hinders the reaction due to a loss of liberated gas. Confining the reaction enables the trapped gases to enhance convection, yielding increased flame speeds. For confined conditions, the reactions containing Teflon exhibit higher peak pressures but lower flame speeds than the reactions with MoO₃. These results imply that a direct relationship between generated gas pressures and flame speeds does not generally exist when comparing different oxidizers. The theoretically predicted relationship for the relative flame speed versus relative particle size based on the melt-dispersion mechanism agrees with experimental data for all Al particle sizes and for the fluorination reaction. Particle synthesis parameters are suggested that could be controlled to enable micrometer-scale Al particles to achieve the performance of nanoscale Al particles. This is of significant practical importance, because nanoparticles are 30 to 50 times more expensive than the micrometer particles.     

Effect of corn particle size on site and extent of starch digestion in lactating dairy cows

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of corn particle size (CPS) on site and extent of starch digestion in lactating dairy cows. Animals were fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas. Dry corn grain accounted for 36% of dry matter intake. In experiment 1, 6 cows were used in a duplicate 3 x 3 Latin square design. Semiflint corn was used. Corn processing methods were grinding, medium rolling, and coarse rolling. The mean particle size of the processed corn was 730, 1807, and 3668 microm, respectively. Rumen digestibility of starch linearly decreased from 59% with ground corn to 36% with coarsely rolled corn. Similarly, small intestine digestibility linearly decreased with increased CPS, and consequently, the amount of starch digested in the small intestine was not affected by corn processing. In experiment 2, 4 cows were used in a 2 x 2 crossover design. Dent corn was used. Corn processing methods were grinding and coarse rolling. The mean particle size of the processed corn was 568 and 3458 microm, respectively. Rumen digestibility of starch decreased from 70% with ground corn to 54% with coarsely rolled corn. Small intestine digestibility of starch was not significantly affected by CPS, and the amount of starch digested in the small intestine tended to be greater for rolled than for ground corn. In both experiments, starch total tract digestibility decreased with increased CPS. In conclusion, CPS is an efficient tool to manipulate rumen degradability of cornstarch. In midlactation cows, the decrease in the amount of starch digested in the rumen between grinding and coarse rolling is partly compensated for by an increase in the amount of starch digested in the small intestine with dent genotype, but with semiflint genotype postruminal digestion is not increased and rumen escape starch is not utilized by the animal.     

基于CFD⁃DEM的水下切粒装置水室内颗粒流动过程数值模拟

基于CFD?DEM耦合方法,研究了颗粒在水室内的流动状态,分析了不同刀盘转速、粒子水通入量和水室出口角度对造粒过程的影响,发现提高刀盘转速、增加粒子水通入量和水室出口倾斜一定的角度都有利于水室内颗粒的排出。进一步研究了颗粒与碎屑在水室内的流动,发现在水室出口处二者的流动基本呈现出一定的分离角度。     

改进粒子群算法在空压机联动控制中的应用

针对空压机控制系统中的节能减排、均衡调度和管网压力波动等问题,提出了空压机联动控制的多目标优化调度模型,并以改进惯性权重的粒子群算法进行求解。以灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度作为改进粒子群算法的适应度函数,对影响空压机联动系统的机组功耗、生产均衡调度和管网压力波动等多目标进行了优化求解。引入的非线性动态调整惯性权重策略改进了算法的全局收敛能力,有效地提高了粒子搜索过程中的智能性。通过某饮料罐装车间的技术改造,证明了本算法的有效性。