Experimental Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste

In our country, municipal solid wastes (MSW) are always burnt in their original forms and only a few pretreatments are taken. Therefore it is vital to study the combustion characteristics of mixed waste. In this paper, thermogravimetric analysis and a lab scale fluidized bed facility were used as experimental means. The data in two different experimental systems were introduced and compared. It took MSW 3-3.5 min to burn out in FB, but in thermogravimetric analyzer, the time is 20-25 min. It can be concluded that, in general, the behavior of a mixture of waste in TGA can be expressed by simple combination of individual components of the waste mixtures. Only minor deviations from the rule were observed. Yet, in Fluidized Bed, it was found that, for some mixtures, there was interference among the components during fluidized bed combustion.     

An analysis of sub-limit flame dynamics using opposite propagating flames in mesoscale channels

The excess enthalpy flames and their dynamics below the flammability limit are studied by considering two flames that propagate in opposite directions in parallel channels. The model enables the coupling between the external heat loss, convection preheating, diffusion transport and finite rate chemistry. Analytical expressions for the flame temperature, separation distance, and extinction limit are obtained. The results show that flame extinction can be caused by the external heat loss without heat conduction of inner wall in the streamwise direction. The heat recirculation across the separating wall dramatically increases the flame speed and extends the flammability limit. It is shown that the maximum and minimum flame speeds corresponding respectively to the fast and slow flame modes exist at all separation distances between the two flames. It is found that the flame can adjust its separation distance to adapt to the variation of heat loss, heat recirculation and fuel concentration. There exists a maximum flame separation distance beyond which sub-limit flame does not exist. The results also showed that heat recirculation significantly extends the flammability limit. Furthermore, at low fuel concentrations, the flame can be stabilized in a narrow range of separation distance. The present study not only generalized the previous analyses of the heat recirculation flames but also provided a model for the study and control of sub-limit flames in micro power devices and reactors.     

Micro-HCCI combustion: experimental characterization and development of a detailed chemical kinetic model with coupled piston motion

Recent experimental and modeling work concerning Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion in small scales is presented. A zero-dimensional numerical model incorporating detailed chemical kinetics, heat transfer, blow-by, and a force balance is developed to interpret the experimental results and to explore HCCI combustion with a free-piston. The model consists of a new “Reactor Problem” for the sensitivity and kinetics component (Senkin) of the Chemkin software package. Following validation and interpretation of the experimental results, the model is used to conduct parametric studies. These studies and a non-dimensionalization of the governing equations yield parameters that characterize free-piston dynamics. These parameters are subsequently used to relate initial conditions to the percent mass lost.     

Spark kernel development in constant volume combustion

Experimental data on the spark kernel development in constant volume propane-air mixtures is re-examined. With a logarithmic interpretation of this data, the early radius of the kernel is found to be R ∼ t^1/5. This power law is explained in terms of an original similarity variable.     

Analysis of non-adiabatic heat-recirculating combustors

A simple first-principles model of counter current heat-recirculating combustors is developed, including the effects of heat transfer from the product gas stream to the reactant stream, heat loss to ambient, and heat conduction in the streamwise direction through the dividing wall (and heat transfer surface) between the reactant and product streams. It is shown that streamwise conduction through the wall has a major effect on the operating limits of the combustor, especially at small dimensionless mass fluxes (M) or Reynolds numbers that would be characteristic of microscale devices. In particular, if this conduction is neglected, there is no small-M extinction limit because smaller M leads to larger heat recirculation and longer residence times that overcome heat loss if M is sufficiently small. In contrast, even a small effect of conduction along this surface leads to significantly higher minimum M. Comparison is made with an alternative configuration of a flame stabilized at the exit of a tube, where heat recirculation occurs via conduction through tube wall; it is found that the counter-current exchanger configuration provides superior performance under similar operating conditions. Implications for microscale combustion are discussed.     

Heat transfer of a row of three butane/air flame jets impinging on a flat plate

Experiments were performed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a row of three premixed, laminar, butane/air flame jets impinging on a water-cooled flat plate. The between-jet interference was found to reduce the heat transfer rate in the jet-to-jet interacting zone due to the depressed combustion. The interference became stronger when the jet-to-jet spacing and/or the nozzle-to-plate distance were/was small. The positive pressure existed in the between-jet interacting zone caused the asymmetric flame and heat transfer distribution of the side jet. The meeting point of the spreading wall jets of the central and the side jets did not occur at the midpoint of the neighboring jets, but at a location shifted slightly outwards. The maximum local heat flux and the maximum area-averaged heat flux occurred at a moderate nozzle-to-plate distance of 5d with a moderate jet-to-jet spacing of 5d. The lowest area-averaged heat flux was produced when both the jet-to-jet spacing and the nozzle-to-plate distance were small. Comparing with a single jet under the same experimental conditions, the heat transfer rates in both the stagnation point and the maximum heat transfer point were shown to be enhanced in a row of three-jet-impingement system. The present study provided detailed information on the heat transfer characteristics of a row of three in-line impinging flame jets, which had rarely been reported in previous study.     

基于时空守恒方法的内燃机进排气系统一维非定常流计算模拟

本文运用时空守恒元与解元方法对进排气系统中的气体流动进行了模拟计算。以某单缸汽油机为实例进行计算，计算结果与实测值吻合较好，同时预测了某柴油机在不同工况时的残余废气系数。     

内燃机缸内零件系统传热的计算机模拟进展

本文综合介绍了内燃机缸内零件系统传热计算机模拟的国际和国内现状，并介绍了作者目前正在进行的缸内耦合三维零件系统传热的研究情况。由于缸内零件传热的计算机模拟是未来内燃机虚拟设计的关键技术，因而有必要对缸内零件的分析历史和现状进行综合探讨。     

内燃机燃烧噪声的研究与发展

本文概述了内燃机燃烧噪声的特性及其研究与发展，阐述了燃烧过程参数、结构参数、工况参数以及其它参数影响燃烧噪声的机理，论述了近年来降低燃烧噪声、内燃机燃烧噪声机理和内燃机瞬态工况燃烧噪声的研究状况。通过对燃烧噪声与内燃机工作过程中激发燃烧噪声特征因素关系的描述，为了解燃烧噪声特性和降低燃烧噪声提供全面的技术支撑。     

450t/h循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统数学仿真模型开发

建立了循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统的数学仿真模型 ,该模型采用集中参数法 ,考虑了循环流化床的流体动力、燃烧和传热特性 ,模型沿气体和固体的主要流动方向将流化床炉膛划分为若干小室 ,在每个小室中分别建立质量平衡和能量平衡的动态方程。对国内单机容量最大的 45 0t/h流化床锅炉进行仿真 ,结果表明该模型能准确反映锅炉的动态特性 ,不仅可以用于仿真培训 ,也可用于系统设计优化计算 ,适用性强