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81.
本文选用废渣制成的粉煤灰纤维棉(FAF)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂作为原料,成功制备了FAF/PVC复合材料,研究了FAF的表面处理及其加入量对复合材料力学性能、热性能和硬度的影响,并用SEM对复合材料的界面进行了表征。实验结果表明,相对于纯PVC树脂而言,复合材料含经KH550处理的FAF40phr时,拉伸强度提高约12%;含经软化剂处理的FAF10phr时,冲击强度提高约110%;含经偶联剂和软化剂联合处理的FAF10phr时,冲击强度提高约70%,拉伸强度提高约11%,维卡软化温度随FAF添加量的增加呈上升趋势。研究结果证明,KH550和软化剂联合使用会对复合材料起到有效的增强增韧效果,因此能提高复合材料中FAF的填充量。制成的环保型FAF/PVC复合材料不仅性能全面高于纯PVC,而且材料成本显著降低,为综合利用废渣FAF开拓了新方向。 相似文献
82.
C. Finol M. Menendez A. Monz n J. Santam Arí a 《Chemical Engineering Communications》1995,135(1):175-184
Methane oxidative coupling has been carried out in a reactor with a distributed oxygen feed. The system consists of a catalytic bed of Li/MgO in a quartz reactor with one inlet for methane and one or more inlets for oxygen. To enable the comparison between the co-fed mode and the distributed feed mode, an especial experimental design was used in order to maintain the same contact time in the co-fed and in the distributed feed modes, and in order to minimize the temperature gradients caused by the exothermic oxidation process. The results clearly show that a distributed oxygen feed may give rise to significant increases in the hydrocarbon selectivity obtained at a given methane conversion, 相似文献
83.
PMDA-6FHP-DR1/SiO2杂化纳米材料的结构设计和合成 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以含氟的二胺5,5′—(六氟异丙基)—二—(2—氨基苯酚)及均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)为单体,首先合成了经酰胺化的主链上带有活性羟基的含氟聚酰亚胺,再通过Mitsunobu反应将活性生色分子分散红1(DR1)共价链接到聚酰亚胺的侧链骨架上,合成了含氟聚酰亚胺.采用溶胶—凝胶(SOl—Gel)技术,并利用偶联剂γ—氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AFTES)制备带有发色团的和含有硅氧烷端分子的聚酰胺酸,其中的Si(OR)3基经水解、缩合后,与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)在催化剂作用下反应,经杂化、凝胶后,得到光学透明且热稳定性高的有机/无机杂化材料.将制得的含氟聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化材料,采用红外光谱(FT—IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、示差扫描量热法(DSC),对材料的结构、表面形貌、热性能进行了表征. 相似文献
84.
Tinh Nguyen W. Eric Byrd David Alshed Joannie Chin Cyril Clerici Jon Martin 《The Journal of Adhesion》2007,83(6):587-610
Water at the polymer/substrate interface is often the major cause of adhesion loss in coatings, adhesives, and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This study critically assesses the relationship between the interfacial water layer and the adhesion loss in epoxy/siliceous substrate systems. Both untreated and silane-treated Si substrates and untreated and silane-treated E-glass fibers were used. Thickness of the interfacial water layer was measured on epoxy/Si systems by Fourier transform infrared-multiple total internal reflection (FTIR-MTIR) spectroscopy. Adhesion loss of epoxy/Si systems and epoxy/E-glass fiber composites was measured by peel adhesion and short-beam shear tests, respectively. Little water accumulation at the epoxy/Si substrate interface was observed for silane-treated Si substrates, but about 10 monolayers of water accumulated at the interface between the epoxy and the untreated Si substrate following 100 h of exposure at 24 °C. More than 70% of the initial epoxy/untreated Si system peel strength was lost within 75 h of exposure, compared with 20% loss after 600 h for the silane-treated Si samples. Shear strength loss in composites made with untreated E-glass fiber was nearly twice that of composites fabricated with silane-treated fiber after 6 months of immersion in 60 °C water. Further, the silane-treated composites remained transparent, but the untreated fiber composites became opaque after water exposure. Evidence from FTIR-MTIR spectroscopy, adhesion loss, and visual observation strongly indicated that a water layer at the polymer/substrate interface is mostly responsible for the adhesion loss of epoxy/untreated siliceous substrate systems and epoxy/untreated glass fiber composites and that FTIR-MTIR is a viable technique to reliably and conveniently assess the adhesion loss attributable to water sorption at the interface. 相似文献
85.
86.
Methane oxidative coupling in the presence of the catalyst 1% Au/5% La2O3/CaO and gas-phase initiator hydrogen peroxide at the temperature 700–800°C under normal pressure has been studied. It has been shown that hydrogen peroxide remarkably increases the yield of C2+ products without the loss of selectivity. The maximal yield of C2+ products under the conditions studied was 27% with the formation of a noticeable quantity of benzene. It has been proposed, that the observed effect is due to hydroxyl radical formation from hydrogen peroxide, which could be essential under definite conditions also in a conventional catalytic methane oxidative coupling. 相似文献
87.
Three-dimensional simulation using fixed coarse-grid thermal-fluid scheme and conduction heat transfer scheme in distinct element method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yoshiyuki Shimizu 《Powder Technology》2006,165(3):140-152
Three-dimensional simulation using particle-thermal-fluid coupling scheme with a mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian approach is presented and the scheme is described by extending author's previous research [Y. Shimizu, 2004. “Fluid Coupling in PFC2D and PFC3D”, numerical modeling in micromechanics via particle methods—2004, Proceeding of 2nd International PFC Conference, Balkema, 2004, pp. 281-287]. The scheme solves the continuity, Navier-Stokes (N-S) and thermal energy equations numerically in Eulerian Cartesian coordinates, then derives pressure, velocity vectors and temperature for each fixed cell by considering particle existence. On the other hand, driving forces and thermal energy from fluid are applied to the particles as external body forces and a source term in the force-displacement law and the heat transfer calculations, respectively. This paper describes the thermal scheme for both fluid and particles. Results of two- and three-dimensional simulations involving forced convective heat transfer by fluid and conduction heat transfer within particles are presented. 相似文献
88.
重金属废水处理最新进展 总被引:25,自引:2,他引:25
详细论述了近年来一些处理重金属废水的新方法,并对各种方法进行了综合评述。这些新方法主要有:廉价吸附剂吸附、胶束增强超滤、络合—超滤耦合过程和电化学法。此外,将络合—超滤和电化学法集成起来处理重金属废水,可实现废水回用和重金属回收,因而具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
89.
90.
Lihua Wang Xiaodong Yi Weizheng Weng Chunxi Zhang Xin Xu Huilin Wan 《Catalysis Letters》2007,118(3-4):238-243
By using the in situ IR spectroscopy, the superoxide species (O2−), characterized by the O–O stretching peak at 1130 cm−1, was detected on the SrF2/La2O3 catalyst at temperatures up to 973 K. The introduction of 18O2 isotope caused the 1130 cm−1 peak to shift to lower wavenumbers (1095 and 1064 cm−1), consistent with the assignment of the spectra to the superoxide species. A good correlation between the rate of the disappearance
of the O2− species and that of the formation of C2H4 was observed, suggesting that O2− was the active oxygen species responsible for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) on the SrF2/La2O3 catalyst. This conclusion was reinforced by the EPR experiments (gxx = 2.0001, gyy = 2.0045, gzz = 2.0685), showing that O2− was the only paramagnetic oxygen species detectable on the O2-preadsorbed SrF2/La2O3 catalyst. These results suggest that superoxide O2− can be a stable active oxygen species, whose role in the OCM reaction cannot be overlooked. 相似文献