中国城市怎样走向现代化

中国当今的城市环境发展显然与现代生活的需要不相符合，指出了中国城市化进程中一些不尽发只意的现象，并呼吁尽是开展研究，找寻这个特殊的国家在特殊的文化背景下特殊的解决问题的办法。     

Contact flocculation-filtration of humic substances

Contact flocculation-filtration of humic dispersions with alum in medium grain (0.62 mm) sand gave short runs to breakthrough, while in coarse (1.2 mm) media clarification was inefficient. Alum with cationic polymer gave in coarse media acceptable runs, but shorter then for mineral dispersions. Analysis of results by parameters of existing filtration models showed that using the Ives-Iwasaki model and plotting filtration coefficient λ vs specific deposit σ gave different λ_max for different polymer dose, plot of λ_max vs dose goes through maximum at optimum dose.Plotting the cube root of headloss vs square root of specific deposit gave a straight line corresponding to Shektman formula.Analysis by Adin-Rebhun model showed that for contact flocculation-filtration humic dispersions attachment coefficient k₁ was similar to, detachment k₂ was many fold higher then and theoretical maximum mass capacity much lower then in case of mineral dispersions.Calculations showed that the solid content and the density of alumo-organic deposits in bed are much lower than of alumo-mineral deposits. Polymers and minerals increase the solid content, the density of deposits and the mass capacity of filter beds.     

Measurements of Smoke Characteristics in HVAC Ducts

The characteristics of smoke traveling in an HVAC duct have been observed along with the response of selected duct smoke detectors. The simulated HVAC system consists of a 9 m long duct, 0.45 m in diameter. An exhaust fan is placed at one end of the duct and is capable of inducing airflow rates that range from 0 to 1.5 m ³/s. The flow is controlled by means of a manual damper. On the upstream end of the duct there is a square exhaust hood approximately 2.2 m at the bottom and 0.3 m at the top. The bottom of the hood is approximately 2.5 m above the floor a shroud extends down to approximately 1.5 m above the floor. The test section, placed immediately downstream of the hood, is 3.5 m long duct with a square cross section of 0.4 m on a side. The instrumentation includes oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas analyzers and a load cell to determine the energy release rate of the fires tested. The smoke within the duct is characterized by means of a laser light sheet and charge coupled device (CCD) camera, two white light source and photocell ensembles, a Pitot tube and an array of eight thermocouples placed on the vertical plane of symmetry. A smoke detector was placed at the downstream end of the test section. Two types of detectors were tested, ionization and photoelectric, with a single sampling probe geometry. The fires tested cover a wide range of fuels (propane, heptane, toluene, toluene/heptane mixture, shredded paper, polyurethane foam, wood cribs) with the peak energy release rates up to 800 kW. The smoke detector performance, temperature, flow field, smoke particle size and particle distributions are dependent on the fire characteristics and airflow through the duct. The different measurements could be scaled by means of the fire size and airflow rate but left a strong dependency on the fuel and burning characteristics (i.e., smoldering, flaming). The optical density and mass optical density are analyzed as metrics for characterizing smoke and smoke detector response. Detailed comparisons between the different metrics used are presented throughout this work. Clear evidence of stratification and aging of the smoke along the duct are also presented. The limitations of the present configuration and the need for a larger scale study are also discussed.     

对淋水密度及相关术语的探讨

通过对淋水密度及水气比、气水比概念的学习,探讨了三者之间的关系。淋水密度根据直接、间接蒸发冷却不同而不同,一般用淋水密度来评价填料式直接蒸发冷却换热效果,水气比一般用来评价喷水室直接蒸发冷却,而气水比则是在蒸发冷却冷水机组中经常会提到的一个概念。淋水密度和水气比根据喷水量多少对直接蒸发冷却冷却效率的影响大小不同而不同,水气比和气水比根据处理对象不同而不同。     

5MW低温供热反应堆微沸腾运行启动可行性研究

文章用RETRAN-02程序,对清华大学核能技术研究所设计和建造的5MW低温供热堆的微沸运行启动方式进行了较为系统的研究;分析了控制反应性引入速率、主回路蒸汽冷凝量大小及主回路对外总传热量的大小对启动稳定性的影响。结果表明,在一种新颖的启动方式下,只要对反应堆的某些特定参数作适当的实时控制,反应堆就能从单相向两相微沸运行方式稳定过渡。     

用于兆拉德级的蔗糖溶液剂量计

蔗糖溶液受照射后,它的旋光度、酸度及光密度都发生了变化。这些变化量与吸收剂量都成比例关系。本工作研究了蔗糖溶液的这些特性和它作为兆拉德级化学剂量计的可能性。实验结果表明,在5×10~5-10~7rad剂量范围内,无论用上述哪一个指标,都可测量出溶液所受剂量。     

智能密集物流系统的分析与研究

针对目前自动化物流系统空间占有率不高,对订单响应时间长的问题,提出一种高密度智能化存储系统。该系统采用专门开发的具有WMS功能的WCS软件,通过无线网路,用于控制每台设备的PLC和每个托盘的运动,实现仓库的智能化管理。     

40kg试验焦炉的研制

文章介绍了40kg试验焦炉，分析和比较了试验焦炉与生产焦炉的差异，指出它们之间的模拟条件是炭化室宽度、煤料堆密度、炼焦速度和单向传热。     

结构声疲劳寿命估算的功率谱密度法

通过对现行传统声疲劳分析方法的回顾，以及对声疲劳学科所涉及的理论的深入研究。提出了进行声疲劳分析的功率谱密度法。它能够解决或部分解决传统声疲劳分析存在的问题，能够考虑多模态复杂结构的噪声响应，完成让许多科技工作者感到的频域到时域的转换。