高压高温处理条件下钻石中晶格缺陷的演化与呈色

实验室的高压高温条件为褐黄色钻石中的晶格缺陷提供了足够的均向压力和势能,有助于Ⅰa,型,Ⅱa型褐黄色钻石中的位错发生攀移,重组,湮灭,增殖和滑移,最终转变成无色,黄绿色及蓝色钻石。研究表明,由两组细密,微波状,明暗相间,断续排列且边界渐变的变形带组成的似格状应力图案属修复型滑移面（线）系,代表了IIa型钻石中位错的攀移,重组合和湮灭,沿钻石四方生长环带方向相间有序排列的位错壁和边界突变似聚片双晶的强度形带属增强型滑移面（线）系,代表了Ia型钻石中位错的增殖和运动,3760cm^-1（低温状态下为3738cm^-1)拉曼谱峰与2087,796cm^-1拉曼谱带一道归属钻石中晶格缺陷心所致。证实晶格缺陷的形成与演化共同制约了钻石的呈色和发光。     

我国超硬刀具材料发展中的几个问题思考与对策

介绍了超硬刀具材料的发展概况和最新的超硬刀具材料,结合我国超硬刀具材料发展中的有关问题进行了综合分析,提出了解决当前我国超硬刀具材料发展中有关问题的对策,探讨了未来超硬刀具材料的发展趋势与应用前景。     

溶液中金刚石晶体生长的第三种驱动力

溶剂作用下金刚石晶体生长的驱动力通常有两种。它们分别取决于过剩压和温度差。但金刚石烧结体中出现的异常粒成长现象却不能用这两种驱动力来解释。介绍和分析了自己实验结果的主要规律和典型例证,说明金刚石微粉与粗晶粒之间的表面自由能之差是异常粒成长的驱动力,提出利用这种驱动力来生长金刚石大单晶的设想,并对这种驱动力在天然金刚石生长过程中的作用进行了讨论。     

基于裸芯片封装的金刚石/铜复合材料基板性能研究

基板是裸芯片封装中热传导的关键环节。随着微电子技术的发展,组件热流密度越来越大,对新型基板材料的要求越来越高,要求具有高的热导率、低的热膨胀系数以及较低的密度。金刚石/铜复合材料作为新一代基板材料正得到愈来愈多的关注。文中分别通过实验和计算机仿真分析了金刚石/铜复合材料的镀覆性、焊接性以及作为基板材料的热性能。结果表明...     

Selective oxidation of pentachlorophenol on diamond electrodes

The influence of electrode potential on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in a 0.1 mol L^–1 Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 5.5) is described. Controlled potential electrolyses were carried at 0.9, 2.0 and 3.0 V vs Ag/AgCl and the solutions analysed by square wave voltammetry, high performance liquid chromatography, chloride ion selective electrode and spectroscopy in the ultraviolet–visible region. At low positive potential (0.9 V), the formation of an adherent film on the electrode surface involving the transference of 1 electron per PCP molecule was observed. The film was identified as the dimer 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-4-pentachlorophenoxy-2,5-cyclohexadienone and the current efficiency was as high as 90%. At potentials close to the onset of O₂ evolution (2.0 V), the formation of the corresponding quinone (p-tetrachlorobenzoquinone) was detected at the beginning of the process. This was followed by further oxidation to the hydroxy-benzoquinone with a practically quantitative yield. Electrolyses carried out well into the region of oxygen evolution (3.0 V) lead to the electrochemical combustion of PCP to CO₂ and H₂O as well as to the release into solution of 5 Cl^– ions per PCP molecule destroyed.     

用含硼T641石墨炭源合成耐热性金刚石

介绍了含硼T641石墨炭源合成耐热性高、抗氧化性好与化学惰性强的金刚石及其性质。讨论了含硼金刚石高耐热性的形成及其氧化机理。指出了进一步提高质量、耐热性、抗氧化性与化学惰性金刚石的合成途径及方法。     

Microfabrication of vacuum-sealed cavities with nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond membranes and their characteristics

Vacuum-sealed cavities featuring diamond membranes are fabricated using plasma-activated direct bonding technology. A chemical mechanical polished (CMP) silicon dioxide interlayer, deposited on diamond with a high temperature oxide (HTO) process at 850 °C in a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) furnace, is employed for successful direct bonding and vacuum cavity formation. The circular cavities are defined on the thermally grown oxide of the phosphorus-doped Si wafer (4-in, < 100>, 1.2 Ω/sq) using reactive ion etching (RIE). The same microfabrication steps are applied for low residual stress (i.e. < 50 MPa) nanocrystalline (NCD) and ultrananocrystalline (UNCD) diamonds to determine and compare membrane characteristics. For both diamond types, successful microfabrication of membranes is demonstrated using the optimized process flow. Profilometer measurements of membrane deflection are compared with finite element modeling (FEM), and indicate a Young's modulus of 1000 GPa for NCD and 850 GPa for UNCD. Furthermore, FEM analysis suggests the residual stress of UNCD membrane is approximately 100 MPa tensile, whereas NCD one does not show any significant residual stress (< 50 MPa). Our results show that NCD is a more promising choice than UNCD as a membrane material for electromechanical transducers.     

Catalytic etching of {100}-oriented diamond coating with Fe, Co, Ni, and Pt nanoparticles under hydrogen

Etching of a highly {100}-oriented diamond coating, {100}HODC, with hydrogen gas using Fe, Co, Ni, and Pt nanoparticles as a catalyst was examined at high temperatures over 700 °C by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The metal atoms vacuum-evaporated onto the {100}HODC formed nanoparticles themselves when heated at high temperatures; e.g. 700 °C, in a flowing gas mixture of H₂ (10%) + N₂ (90%). At 800 °C, short nano-channels and etch pits holding metal nanoparticles were formed by Fe, Co, and Ni. The shapes of the Co and Ni nanoparticles in the etch pits were affected by the shape of the etch pits; reversed pyramidal shape. On the other hand, the top view of the Fe nanoparticles embedded in the etch pits showed a distorted round shape, probably due to the formation of something such as iron carbide, while the carbon content was unknown. Apparently, etching of the {100}HODC by Pt nanoparticles was observed after the treatment at 1000 °C. The difference in the catalytic etching behavior among these metal particles, the potential etching mechanism of diamonds with hydrogen by metal nanoparticles, probably as melted metal nanoparticles, and the formation mechanism of vacant etch pits were discussed.     

Efficient electrochemical decomposition of perfluorocarboxylic acids by the use of a boron-doped diamond electrode

The electrochemical decomposition of environmentally persistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was achieved by the use of a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The PFOA decomposition follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, with an observed rate constant (k₁) of 2.4 × 10^− 2 dm³ h^− 1. Under the present reaction conditions, k₁ increased with increasing current density and saturated at values over 0.60 mA cm^− 2. Therefore, the rate-limiting step for the electrochemical decomposition of PFOA was the direct electrochemical oxidation at lower current densities. In the proposed decomposition pathway, direct electrochemical oxidation cleaves the C-C bond between the C₇F₁₅ and COOH in PFOA and generates a C₇F₁₅ radical and CO₂. The C₇F₁₅ radical forms the thermally unstable alcohol C₇F₁₅OH, which undergoes F⁻ elimination to form C₆F₁₃COF. This acid fluoride undergoes hydrolysis to yield another F⁻ and the perfluorocarboxylic acid with one less CF₂ unit, C₆F₁₃COOH. By repeating these processes, finally, PFOA was able to be totally mineralized to CO₂ and F⁻. Moreover, whereas the BDD surface was easily fluorinated by the electrochemical reaction with the PFOA solution, medium pressure ultraviolet (MPUV) lamp irradiation in water was able to easily remove fluorine from the fluorinated BDD surface.     

Electroless oxidation of boron-doped diamond surfaces: comparison between four oxidizing agents; Ce, MnO4, H2O2 and S2O8

The electrochemical properties of diamond are very sensitive to the surface terminations. It is still a challenge to successfully produce well-defined “C-O” functions. In this paper, we describe and compare the oxidation of as-grown polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) films using four different oxidizing agents in aqueous media: Ce⁴⁺, MnO₄⁻, H₂O₂ and S₂O₈²⁻. The different treatments lead to the formation of oxygenated functions at the diamond surface, mainly singly oxidized “C-O” groups such as “C-OH” or “C-O-C”. Processes with Ce⁴⁺ and MnO₄⁻ seem to be particularly interesting as they both lead to the creation of a high amount of oxygenated functions and an improvement of the charge transfer at BDD surfaces.