TiAl合金高温流变行为及流动应力模型

为了研究TiAl合金的热变形行为,掌握其热加工特性,采用Gleeble-1500试验机对TiAl合金在温度为1 050～1 200℃、应变速率为0. 001～1 s-1条件下的高温变形行为进行了研究,获得了上述变形条件范围内的流变行为数据,建立了适于TiAl合金的本构方程。结果表明:TiAl合金的流变行为对变形速率和温度敏感,在热压缩过程中TiAl合金的流动应力呈现出加工硬化和流变软化的特征。通过电子背散射衍射(EBSD)观测发现,软化机制主要是先在晶界位置发生动态再结晶,然后再结晶向晶内扩展。通过计算,TiAl合金的变形激活能为360 k J/mol。采用最小二乘法得出了TiAl合金的流动应力模型,基于此模型绘制的流变曲线与实验值吻合较好,误差小于±5%,能够对TiAl合金高温流变行为进行较为准确的预测。     

高LET的7Li离子致DNA损伤的直接和间接作用研究

在HI-13串列加速器加速的具有高LET值的7Li离子辐照不同浓度的pUC19质粒DNA水溶液、加自由基清除剂(甘露醇)的DNA水溶液以及干状DNA样品,利用高分辨的原子力显微镜技术,研究7Li致DNA损伤的直接作用和间接作用.结果显示,在相同剂量下,7Li离子比低LET辐射能诱发更多的双链断裂,形成更多的集团损伤,使DSB的分布更局部和更密集.对于水溶液DNA,7Li离子的水辐解产生的自由基的间接作用在DNA分子链断裂的产生方面发挥着重要作用,而且自由基清除剂甘露醇能有效地保护DNA分子.     

Enhanced field emission from nano-graphite coated carbon nanotubes

An effective method by low energy carbonhydrogen ion treatment to enhance field emission of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is demonstrated. Comparing with control, field emission (FE) currents of the CNTs by carbonhydrogen ion irradiation increased, and the turn-on field and the threshold field decreased significantly. The structure characteristic revealed by transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that CNTs are coated by nano-graphite particles after being treated with low energy carbonhydrogen ion and that there are large quantities of defects and grain boundaries in the coated layer. It is considered that the coating layer can decrease the effective surface work function of CNTs and correspondingly increase field emission. In addition, the defects, the grain boundaries and the C-H dipoles forming in the process of the low energy ions irradiation can effectively enhance the field emission.     

低速高电荷态重离子在GaN单晶中引起的辐照损伤研究

利用Rutherford沟道背散射分析研究了低速高电荷态重离子(Xe26 )在氮化镓(GaN)晶体中辐照损伤的产生对剂量的依赖关系,比较了垂直照射和60°倾斜照射的差异.基于"库仑爆炸"模型对结果进行了解释.     

木材原料中金属离子的测定及分布的研究

利用原子吸收光谱测定了有代表性的几种针叶木和阔叶木原料中金属元素分布及含量,并利用扫描电镜—能谱仪分析了原料的不同部位中金属离子的分布规律。结果发现在实验范围内,各种木材原料中都存在由多种金属离子构成的复杂体系;不同种原料中金属离子的含量和成分存在着很大差异;针叶木Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ 含量显著,高于阔叶木;同种原料中,边材金属离子含量一般高于心材;不同生长环境会导致木材金属离子分布出现差异。纸浆中的金属离子主要来源于原料本身,因此对金属离子含量不同的原料,纸浆漂前的除过渡金属离子预处理条件应该不同。     

中药提取物中重金属离子的去除方法研究

采用001×7强酸性阳离子交换树脂,对中药提取物中有害重金属离子pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+进行吸附去除试验,并检测离子交换处理对其黄酮含量回收率的影响.结果表明:001×7强酸性阳离子交换树脂对于中药提取物所含重金属离子pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+去除效果显著,黄酮回收率为95.3～97.9％.001×7强酸性阳离子...     

Effect of preheating on potato texture

Preheating potatoes at 50 to 80°C has a firming effect on the cooked potato tissue. This effect is particularly pronounced at a preheating temperature of 60 to 70°C followed by cooling. Several theories have been presented in the literature to explain this firming effect: retrogradation of starch, leaching of amylose, stabilization of the middle lamellae and cell walls by the activation of the pectin methylesterase (PME) enzyme, and by the release of calcium from gelatinized starch and the formation of calcium bridges between pectin molecules. Most probably, none of these theories alone can explain the phenomenon and more than one mechanism seems to be involved. Some of these mechanisms seem to be interdependent. As an example, calcium could be considered as a link all the way through release after starch gelatinization to cross‐linking pectin substances in the cell wall and the middle lamellae, which has been demethylated by the PME enzyme. More research and “clear cut” experiments are needed in order to elucidate the role of each mechanism, especially which of them is the main contributor to the process of firming. Most probably, the calcium‐pectin‐PME mechanism plays a secondary role, that is, it only retards the collapse of the tissue structure that would otherwise occur during the final heating without preheating, and it is not the main factor of firmness.     

Antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of selected plants

The antioxidant properties of 25 edible tropical plants, expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), were studied using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical) scavenging and reducing ferric ion antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. Their cupric ion chelating activities (CCA) and total polyphenol contents (TPC) were also determined. A strong correlation between TEAC values obtained for the DPPH assay (TEAC_DPPH) and those for the FRAP assay (TEAC_FRAP) implied that compounds in the extracts were capable of scavenging the DPPH free radical and reducing ferric ions. A satisfactory correlation of TPC with TEAC_DPPH and TEAC_FRAP suggested that polyphenols in the extracts were partly responsible for the antioxidant activities while its correlation with CCA was poor, indicating that polyphenols might not be the main cupric ion chelators. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that TEAC_DPPH, TEAC_FRAP and TPC contributed to the total variation in the antioxidant activities of the plants.     

荧光指示剂在细胞内金属离子测定中的应用

概述了荧光指示剂测定细胞内金属离子的原理，仪器及进展。简要介绍了Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ，Ｍａｇ－Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ，ＳＢＦＩ和ＰＢＦＩ分别用于细胞内Ｃａ＾２＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＾＋，Ｎａ＾＋和Ｋ＾＋的测定。     

Enhanced Catalytic Performance of Co/MFI by Hydrothermal Treatment

Hydrothermal treatment of Co/MFI catalysts at high temperature increases their performance for NO _x reduction with methane. As this treatment also shifts the TPR peak of isolated Co ions upward by 20 °C, the results suggest that the hydrothermal treatment induces transport of Co²⁺ ions from to positions.