四川盆地中部中二叠统热液白云岩储渗空间类型及成因

近年来,四川盆地川西北地区有多口井在中二叠统栖霞组、茅口组钻获高产气流,展现出该层系巨大的天然气勘探潜力,但有关该盆地中二叠统白云岩储层的成因机理则众说纷纭,一直未达成共识。为此,基于川中地区栖霞组、茅口组岩心及薄片等岩相学特征,以及碳、氧、锶同位素和包裹体均一化温度等地球化学特征,开展了中二叠统热液白云岩储渗空间类型及储渗相特征研究,分析了白云岩储层的成因及其控制因素。结果认为:(1)茅口组、栖霞组石灰岩地层经历了构造控制热液活动,发育萤石、鞍状白云石、天青石的热液矿物组合和膨胀角砾结构;(2)较之于宿主石灰岩,细—中晶云岩和鞍状白云石均呈现出δ18O负偏移、87Sr/86Sr正偏移;(3)中二叠统形成由热液溶孔、热液白云岩晶间孔、热液溶洞、热液扩溶缝等4种储渗空间构成的热液白云岩储渗体。结论认为:(1)热液白云岩储集相发育和分布受深大断裂的控制,呈"透镜状"分布在具"下凹"地震反射特征的区域;(2)中二叠统热液白云岩储集相与下伏烃源岩和上覆封堵层的有机组合可构成有利的天然气勘探目标。     

钻孔与岩体裂隙斜交渗流场井流理论与示踪方法研究

本文论述了钻孔揭露裂隙岩体与裂隙斜交情况下通过示踪方法测定裂隙渗透性及其参数，将稀释测井与示踪测井方法相结合建立了井流理论。推导了双井系统中单裂隙岩体的渗透系数、等效水力隙宽、静水头、影响半径及水力坡度等的计算公式，并将此研究成果应用于大坝的渗流场探测之中。     

兰坪坳陷三叠系源岩地球化学特征

通过兰坪坳陷三叠系烃源岩可溶组分族组成、碳同位素、饱和烃馏份生物标志物、岩石热解等方面的综合对比和研究表明 ,该套源岩有机质丰度中等 ,有机质类型以II型有机质为主 ,沉积环境水体盐度较高 ,热演化处于成熟早期 ,属于中等—较好生油岩     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷天然气气源对比

库车坳陷近年陆续发现了克拉2号、吐孜洛克、大北1号、迪那2号4个大型气田和依南2号、依深等天然气藏,展示了该区天然气勘探的广阔前景,为西气东输战略的顺利实施奠定了物质基础.为判明目前发现的天然气是来源于煤系烃源岩还是来源于湖相泥岩,利用苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲基环己烷等轻烃单体碳同位素等气源对比新技术,结合天然气形成的地质背景进行气-源岩的追踪对比.对比结果表明,库车坳陷主要气藏的天然气属于煤型气.中、西段克拉苏构造带E、K产层的天然气为高-过成熟煤型气;东段依奇克里克侏罗系产层的天然气为成熟-高成熟煤型气,吉迪克组产层的天然气为高-过成熟煤型气;大宛齐油田上第三系-第四系天然气属成熟-高成熟煤型气.库车坳陷主要气藏的天然气主要来源于侏罗系-三叠系煤系烃源岩.图6表2参6(李剑摘)     

塔中地区热液改造型白云岩储层

塔里木盆地寒武系-下奥陶统以深灰色的粉-细晶白云岩发育为特征,在塔中等地区局部可见浅灰色-白色的中-粗晶白云岩.中-粗晶白云岩中的流体包裹体均一温度主峰区间为160~200℃,盐度为6.88%~14.15%;氧同位素δ¹⁸O_PDB值为-10.91‰~-7.65‰,平均为-8.98‰,与粉-细晶白云岩δ¹⁸O_PDB值相比,具有明显偏轻的特征.根据白云石与水之间的氧同位素分馏系数计算出形成中-粗晶白云岩流体的δ¹⁸O_SMOW值为+4.2‰~+10.2‰,据此判断该流体为岩浆热液流体.中-粗晶白云岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.709 098~0.709 236,平均为0.709 171,高于粉-细晶白云岩和下古生界正常海相碳酸盐岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值.锶同位素组成特征也表明了中-粗晶白云岩的形成与热液流体作用有关.再结合其产状特征,可以推测塔中地区中-粗晶白云岩是粉-细晶白云岩在热液作用下发生重结晶作用的结果.重结晶形成的中-粗晶白云岩不但有丰富的晶间孔隙,而且还发育有大量的因热液溶蚀作用而形成的溶蚀孔隙,是良好的油气储集层,在塔里木盆地下古生界深层油气勘探中应该给予足够的重视.     

Consumer‐diet discrimination of δ13C and δ15N: Source‐ and feeding‐oriented patterns based on gut content analysis in a large subtropical river of China

Understanding the trophic discrimination (?¹³C and ?¹⁵N) between consumers and diets in fluvial systems remains difficult because of the variable food sources and complex predator–prey interactions from headwaters to the estuaries. Here, stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotopes in fish and invertebrates from a large subtropical river in southern China were determined to explore trophic discrimination in conjunction with a gut content analysis. The ?¹³C values showed significant differences (p < .05) among functional feeding groups, with fish, shrimp, and insect scrapers presenting higher ?¹³C values (1.20 ± 0.23‰ to 1.51 ± 0.31‰) than other groups. The ?¹⁵N values varied significantly between invertebrates (0.64 ± 0.17‰ of insect collector‐gatherers to 1.63 ± 0.36‰ of shrimp predators) and fish (1.98 ± 0.19‰ of detritivores to 2.71 ± 0.43‰ of crustaceavores) and exhibited an increasing tendency from primary to secondary consumers. A linear regression analysis revealed that the longitudinal changes in ?¹³C and ?¹⁵N were closely associated with the δ¹³C of periphyton, the δ¹⁵N of particulate organic matter (POM) in water, and the relative contribution (%) of periphyton and organic detritus to the diet composition of consumers. These results indicated that discrimination factors might not only be influenced by the isotope signatures of basal food sources but also downstream shifts in dominant food items utilized by consumers. In particular, trophic discrimination between periphyton– and detritus–based food chains, such as “epilithic diatoms–shrimp scrapers–crustaceavorous fish” and “POM–bivalves–molluscivorous fish,” displayed regionally specific patterns. When back‐calculating to the diet assimilation and trophic position in subtropical streams and rivers, we suggest using the basin‐scale ?¹³C value of 0.96 ± 0.26‰ for all consumers and ?¹⁵N values of 1.07 ± 0.32‰ for invertebrates and 2.38 ± 0.37‰ for fish.     

基于水文循环分析的雅砻江流域生态需水量计算

本文提出基于水文循环分析的生态需水量计算流程图和方法,即通过野外现场查勘和室内遥感分析,总结研究区生态需水特征,运用环境同位素技术分析水分来源和河道内外水力补给关系,确定明确的生态保护目标,选定合适的生态需水估算方法并进行计算。最后对雅砻江流域河道内外的生态需水量进行计算。结果表明,雅砻江河道径流主要受大气降水补给,地下水单向补给河道水;河道内外生态保护目标分别为保持当前植被面积不减少和保证优势鱼类生长繁殖期最低生境条件;天然降水即可满足草地林地的生态需水要求。雅砻江热巴坝址处最小生态流量范围为36.3～46.8m3/s。     

Use of Stable Isotopes to Trace Municipal Wastewater Effluents into Food Webs within a Highly Developed River System

Many anthropogenic inputs, such as municipal wastewater effluents (MWWEs), affect stable isotope signatures (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) at the base of exposed food webs creating spatial patterns reflecting their incorporation into aquatic food webs. The Grand River in southern Ontario, Canada, is a heavily modified, rapidly urbanizing river that assimilates wastewater from 30 municipal wastewater treatment plants. Stable isotope analysis was applied to resident aquatic invertebrates and fish influenced by three different wastewater outfalls in early, middle, and late summer to determine how values shifted seasonally and with differing effluent quality. There was a slight increase in δ¹³C in both invertebrates and fish in late summer downstream from the three outfalls, but it is difficult to separate effects of the effluents from downstream gradients. Downstream of two of the three outfalls, the δ¹⁵N tended to increase relative to upstream, while the remaining effluent, of the poorest quality, decreased δ¹⁵N values of both invertebrates and fish. Spatial trends in stable isotopes became more pronounced as the summer progressed with the greatest between‐site differences occurring in late summer. This study reflects the complex nutrient dynamics associated with MWWE inputs to rivers and contributes to our understanding and application of stable isotope analysis in impacted lotic ecosystems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北部湾盆地迈陈凹陷徐闻X1井油气地球化学特征

通过对北部湾盆地迈陈凹陷徐闻X 1井所产天然气和原油样品的系统分析,指出该井天然气甲烷含量低、重烃气体含量高、干燥系数低,属于原油伴生气,而乙烷和丙烷的碳同位素值小于-30‰,是典型的油型气;该井原油的三环萜烷系列呈C19>C20>C21>C23>C24>C25>C26的阶梯状分布,呈煤成油的特征,但丰富的C27甾烷的存在表明该原油属于典型的湖相原油,而非煤成油,其生物标志物组成的重要特征是富含各种重排构型化合物,表明该原油的烃源岩形成于浅水、弱还原的淡水沉积环境。     

川南地区嘉陵江组天然气气源研究

对川南地区下三叠统嘉陵江组烃源岩生烃条件、碳同位素特征、气源方向及运移通道作了分析研究，认为其自身生烃条件较差，气藏常规组分差异较大，高干燥系数与储量大小关系密切；烷烃类气体碳同位素特征分析证实该组气源与下伏上二叠统的烃源地层有关，混源特征明显；氩同位素特征表明该组气藏气源与二叠系具明显的亲缘关系；结合运移与聚集条件等分析确认该区嘉陵江组天然气主要来源于深层二叠系烃源层，储量大与混源密切相关；烃源岩内部断层是其主要运移通道。