Preparation of novel 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)-3- arylthiazolidin-4-one derivatives using an efficient ionic liquid catalyst

An eco-friendly procedure for synthesis of 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)-3-arylthiazolidin-4-one derivatives by three-component reaction of 2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carbaldehydes, aromatic amines and thioglycolic acid, with tetramethylbutane-1,4-diammonium acetate as a low-cost ionic liquid catalyst under reflux condition is described. The use of an ionic liquid as a catalyst has the advantages of high yields, short reaction time and environmentally friendly reaction media.     

中温时效对17-4PH不锈钢液体氮化后组织性能的影响

目的研究低温盐浴氮化17-4PH不锈钢经中温时效处理后氮化层组织性能的变化情况。方法采用光学显微镜(OM)分析氮化层的厚度和显微组织,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)检测渗氮层的相组成,利用显微硬度计测定渗层的硬度,利用冲刷腐蚀实验评价渗层的耐腐蚀性能。结果 17-4PH不锈钢氮化后在425~475℃时效保温处理,其渗层厚度随时效时间的延长而增加。时效处理使渗层中N原子的浓度发生改变,过饱和扩展奥氏体发生分解,析出与其结构同为面心立方结构的Fe4N、Fe2N和Cr N。时效温度的升高能加速扩展奥氏体的分解,促进Cr N析出及氧化物的生成。经过渗氮时效后,渗层深度可达27.4μm。根据热力学公式计算出N原子在时效过程中的扩散激活能为216.2 k J/mol,表面显微硬度在初期显著升高,达到了近1150HV0.1,随后逐渐降低。在475℃、50 d的时效条件下,冲刷腐蚀中的失重率达到最大值30.3 mg/(h·dm~2)。结论不锈钢氮化后在一定的温度和时间内时效处理会达到最大表面硬度,在随后的保温过程中硬度开始下降。时效处理后17-4PH不锈钢的耐冲刷腐蚀性能下降。     

Identification of Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 as the Major Isozyme Responsible for the Glucuronidation of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol in Human Liver Microsomes

20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), one of the representative aglycones of ginsenosides, has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Although phase I metabolism has been investigated extensively, information regarding phase II metabolism of this compound remains to be elucidated. Here, a glucuronidated metabolite of PPD in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and rat liver microsomes (RLMs) was unambiguously identified as PPD-3-O-β-d-glucuronide by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. The chemical inhibition and recombinant human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms assay showed that the PPD glucuronidation was mainly catalyzed by UGT1A4 in HLM, whereas UGT1A3 showed weak catalytic activity. In conclusion, PPD-3-O-β-d-glucuronide was first identified as the principal glucuronidation metabolite of PPD in HLMs, which was catalyzed by UGT1A4.     

Effect of Ionic Liquids on Surface and Aggregation Properties of Non-ionic Surfactant Triton™ X-100 in Aqueous Media

The effect of the hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide [bdmim][Br] and 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide [hdmim][Br] on the aggregation and surface active behaviour of the non-ionic surfactant Triton? X-100 (TX-100) was studied in aqueous media. Several aggregation properties of TX-100 + IL/water systems, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface active parameters, aggregation number (N _agg) and aggregate size, were determined by surface tension, fluorescence and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. It was found that the average micellar size and aggregation number decrease, whereas the CMC increases with increasing concentration of ILs. Interestingly, the CMC value of TX-100 is reduced slightly below 0.5 wt% of both the ILs in the medium. At higher wt% of IL in the system the CMC increases. It was demonstrated that ILs [bdmim][Br] and [hdmim][Br] can be judiciously used at different wt% for modifying the physico-chemical properties of TX-100.     

离子液体的固载化及其在甘油醚化中的性能

将实验室自制的离子液体[BMIM]BF_4固载在活性炭上作为催化剂,研究其在甘油与叔丁醇醚化反应中的催化性能,并利用单因素实验考察反应温度、反应时间、n(叔丁醇)∶n(甘油)和催化剂离子液体负载量对甘油转化率以及醚化产物选择性的影响。结果表明,在无需额外添加溶剂、n(叔丁醇)∶n(甘油)=4∶1和离子液体负载量为甘油质量的9%条件下,在85℃,以150 r·min~(-1)速率反应10 h,甘油羟基转化率最高可达73%,甘油二醚和甘油三醚选择性分别为32.67%和16.81%。     

应用于固体推进剂的石墨烯及其复合材料制备技术研究进展

系统介绍了多种石墨烯的制备、改性和复合方法,制备方法主要有机械剥离和湿法剥离,改性方法主要有非共价改性和共价改性,复合方法主要有非原位合成和原位合成。从石墨烯在固体推进剂中应用的角度分析比较了不同制备方法的优缺点,指出今后用作燃烧催化剂的石墨烯及其复合材料的制备技术重点应集中在如下几方面:(1)将微乳液法等纳米材料制备方法应用于石墨烯复合材料制备中;(2)应加强负载有机金属盐和含能催化剂的石墨烯负载型燃烧催化剂的研究;(3)开展石墨烯负载物的晶体生长研究。附参考文献57篇。     

溶胀/溶解法回收HTPB推进剂中AP组分的实验研究

采用溶胀/溶解法回收报废HTPB推进剂中的AP。研究了浸取时间、浸取温度、四氢呋喃质量分数、液料比(四氢呋喃溶液体积与HTPB推进剂的质量比)、试样厚度及搅拌速率对AP回收率的影响。通过扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪对回收得到的AP进行表征,并对其纯度进行了检测。结果表明,AP的最佳回收工艺参数为:浸取时间6h、浸取温度60℃、四氢呋喃质量分数80%、液料比10∶1(mL/g)、试样厚度3mm、搅拌速率500r/min。其中,浸取时间、浸取温度和四氢呋喃质量分数对AP回收率的影响较大。在最佳工艺条件下,AP的回收率为95.0%,纯度为96.1%,表明此方法可用于报废HTPB推进剂中AP组分的回收。     

铝/有机氟化物复合物对含铝HTPB推进剂燃烧性能的影响

为研究有机氟化物(OF)对含铝HTPB固体推进剂燃烧性能的影响,采用球磨法制备了纳米和微米铝/有机氟化物复合物(nmAl/OF和μmAl/OF),将其作为复合添加剂替代微米铝粉加入HTPB推进剂中,并考察其对推进剂燃烧性能的影响。采用SEM、TEM、粒度分析等对nmAl/OF和μmAl/OF复合物及推进剂凝聚相燃烧产物进行了表征。结果表明,nmAl/OF和μmAl/OF复合物有不同的结合状态;添加OF、nmAl/OF和μmAl/OF后,推进剂的爆热值下降约2%;添加nmAl/OF的推进剂配方燃速最低,在3MPa时仅为6.28mm/s,添加OF和μmAl/OF体系的推进剂燃速压强指数相比于原配方降低约20%;添加nmAl/OF的推进剂配方凝聚相燃烧产物粒度(D_(50))比原配方降低约47%。     

多羟基聚醚对高能硝胺发射药抗冲击性能的影响

为研究多羟基聚醚改善硝胺发射药抗冲击性能的效果,以一种硝胺发射药(RP5)药片为原料,分别采用不同数均相对分子质量的多羟基聚醚为增韧剂,制备了不同增韧剂含量的硝胺发射药管状试样。采用落锤冲击试验机和摆锤冲击试验机分别测试了硝胺发射药试样的轴向和径向抗冲击强度。讨论了在低温(-40℃)、常温(20℃)、高温(50℃)下,不同类型、不同含量聚醚对高能硝胺发射药抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明,轴向方向上,加入多羟基聚醚的数均相对分子质量为2 118、质量分数为3%时,对硝胺发射药试样的低温增韧效果较优;径向方向上,加入多羟基聚醚的数均相对分子质量为5 618、质量分数为3%时,多羟基聚醚能使试样的径向低温抗冲击性能提升约50%。     

HAN-基凝胶推进剂的热分解反应动力学

为研究 HAN‐基凝胶推进剂的热分解特性,利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和热重分析仪（TGA）对两种含不同质量聚乙烯醇（PVA ）的 HAN‐基凝胶推进剂样品进行热分析试验,并与一种双基推进剂进行对比。分析了HAN‐基凝胶推进剂和双基推进剂的热分解过程,得到热分解反应的动力学参数;采用等转化率法计算了活化能,采用Zhang‐Hu‐Xie‐Li等方法计算出热爆炸临界温度和自加速分解温度。采用Malek法推断出两种 HAN‐基凝胶推进剂样品的热分解反应的最可几机理函数。结果表明,HAN‐基凝胶推进剂的热分解是一个连续的放热过程,热分解较为彻底,残渣较少,活化能约为100 kJ／mol。当PVA含量增加时,其热爆炸临界温度和自加速分解温度升高。与双基推进剂相比,HAN‐基凝胶推进剂具有较好的热安定性。