马来酸酐法分析煤基液体产品二烯值的可行性研究

为研究马来酸酐法测定煤基液体产品中共轭二烯烃含量的可行性,考察了煤焦油、脱酚煤焦油、酚类物质和费托油中醇类物质对马来酸酐法分析煤基液体产品中二烯值的影响,结果表明,试验中低温煤焦油样品的二烯值为15.17 g/100 g,经过脱酚处理的煤焦油样品二烯值显著降低,为5.65g/100 g,而苯酚、甲酚、二苯酚等酚类物质对马来酸酐法测定结果没有明显影响,说明煤焦油中其他酸性组分对马来酸酐法测定的二烯值结果影响很大。费托油中的醇类物质可与马来酸酐发生反应,对马来酸酐法测定的结果影响较大。因此马来酸酐法不适用于费托油中共轭二烯烃含量的测定。     

Interaction dynamics of a spherical particle with a suspended liquid film

Hydrodynamics of collision interactions between a particle and gas‐liquid interface such as droplet/film is of keen interest in many engineering applications. The collision interaction between a suspended liquid (water) film of thickness 3.41 ± 0.04 mm and an impacting hydrophilic particle (glass ballotini) of different diameters (1.1–3.0 mm) in low particle impact Weber number ( ) range (1.4–33) is reported. Two distinct outcomes were observed—particle retention in the film at lower Weber number and complete penetration of the film toward higher Weber number cases. A collision parameter was defined based on energy balance approach to demarcate these two interaction regimes which agreed reasonably well with the experimental outcomes. It was shown that the liquid ligament forming in the complete penetration cases breaks up purely by “dripping/end pinch‐off” mechanism and not due to capillary wave instability. An analytical model based on energy balance approach was proposed to determine the liquid mass entrainment associated with the ligament which compared well with the experimental measurements. A good correlation between the %film mass entrained and the particle Bond number ( ) was obtained which indicated a dependency of Bo^1.72. Computationally, a three‐dimensional CFD model was developed to simulate these interactions using different contact angle boundary conditions which in general showed reasonable agreement with experiment but also indicated deficiency of a constant contact angle value to depict the interaction physics in entirety. The computed force profiles from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model suggest dominance of the pressure force over the viscous force almost by an order of magnitude in all the Weber number cases studied. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 295–314, 2016     

Study on rheology and thermal stability of mixed (nonionic–anionic) surfactant based fracturing fluids

Mixed surfactant systems have gained significant importance in the development of fracturing fluid due to polymorphism of self‐assembly structures that have combined properties of the surfactants in the mixture. In this article, a comparative study on the phase behavior and viscoelastic properties of mixed surfactant based fluids, prepared from Tween 80+NaOA/2‐ethyl hexanol/clove oil/water and Tween 20+NaOA/2‐ethyl hexanol/clove oil/water quaternary system is investigated in details. The viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based fluids prepared from the former system offered superior rheological properties than the latter system. The addition of 0.1% NaOH and 500 ppm ZnO nano‐particles in the VES fluids presented enhanced viscoelastic properties as concluded by static and dynamic rheological tests. Miscibility test indicated the miscibility of the VES fluids with water, unlike in the presence of diesel oil and satisfactory proppant suspension capabilities were exhibited by the developed fluids. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2177–2187, 2016     

Analysis of particle cloud height dynamics in a stirred tank

Local and temporal variations of the particle cloud formed in a cylindrical mixing vessel were investigated experimentally. Different particle sizes (0.5, 1, and 2 mm) and volumetric concentration up to 20 vol % were evaluated at different impeller speeds. The time‐averaged cloud height was linear with impeller frequency and with volume concentration. Suspensions with larger particles had a lower average cloud height, while the standard deviation for the temporal cloud height variation was larger. Two strong periodic phenomena were identified to be dominating the particle cloud height variations. The frequencies were linear with impeller speed, resulting in dimensionless frequencies of S₁=0.02–0.03 and S₂=0.05–0.06. The frequencies were affected by neither the particle size nor the volumetric concentration. The amplitude showed no dependency on the particle size, but the S₂ amplitude significantly decreases and S₁ increases with increasing solid concentration. The results were compared to LES/discrete element method simulations and showed a fair agreement. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 338–348, 2016     

Gas‐liquid mass transfer behavior in a surface‐aerated vessel stirred by a novel long‐short blades agitator

For a recently developed long‐short blades (LSB) agitator, its critical rotational speed for the onset of gas entrainment, power number, and gas‐liquid mass transfer behavior in the case of surface aeration is investigated. The effect of the LSB configurations and the liquid level on the agitator performance has been studied in details. The obtained results clearly show several advantages of the LSB agitator in gas‐liquid mass transfer with respect to the agitators in the literature. It is found that its gas‐liquid volumetric mass‐transfer coefficient at a given specific power can be several times larger than those shown in the literature. It can also avoid decrease in the gas‐liquid mass transfer rate as the liquid level increases. In addition, the bubble distribution in the system is more uniform with respect to conventional agitators, resulting from better distribution of the dissipated energy for the LSB agitator. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1322–1330, 2016     

气-液-固三相逆流化床动力学研究

在内径0.152 m,高2.5 m的气-液-固三相逆流化床中系统研究了动力学特性。获得了气体和液体速度及聚乙烯和聚丙烯颗粒密度对各相含率和最小液体流化速度的影响规律。研究发现随着气体速度的增加,液体最小流化速度降低;随着气体或液体速度增加,气体、液体和固体含率均增加。     

中拐石炭系压裂增产配套技术的研究与应用

新疆油田中拐石炭系储层物性差,属于低孔、特低渗类差储层,油井的自然产能低,常规压裂方法难以达到理想的增产效果。为了提高储层油气获取率,通过对压裂液体系优化,采用多缝控高压裂增产技术、混合液大规模压裂技术、控压排采技术,形成了一套适合中拐石炭系储层特征的压裂增产配套技术。该技术在JL10井区应用7井次,施工成功率100%,增产效果明显,7井获得工业油流,单井最高日产量达60 m3/d以上。     

影响胶料中游离硫含量变化关键因素的研究

本文主要介绍利用高效液相色谱法对胶料中游离的可溶性硫含量的测试方法。并模拟混炼与压延生产工艺生产条件,考察影响胶料中游离的可溶性硫含量的关键因素,为实际生产工艺条件的选择与调变提供技术支撑。     

Evaluation of morphology and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel 316L exposed to high-velocity liquid PbBi at high temperature

In the accelerator driven sub-critical system(ADS) cooled by liquid PbBi alloy,the austenitic stainless steel 316 L is one of the candidates of structural materials.However,the corrosion and wear behavior of 316 L steel in the high-velocity stream of liquid PbBi is the most essential issue,which is urgent to be paid close attention.In order to acquire the morphology and mechanical properties of 316 L steel in the conditions of different relative flowing velocity(RFV),respectively 2.62 m/s,3.69 m/s,4.77 m/s,the experiment was carried out in dynamic liquid PbBi at 550℃,up to about 1 500 h.According to the results,the surface of 316 L has been corroded badly and the elements of Ni,Cr,etc.were found to dissolve a lot.With the increase of the RFV,the feature of 316 L surface changed from the surface with much deeper pits and looser structures to the relative planar one,and the thickness of the outer oxide layer decreased gradually while that of the inner oxide layer diminished a little,and the microhardness of the outermost substrate also declined increasingly,in addition,the domain of the partial substrate with its microhardness being altered deepened further.These experimental data would offer theoretical basis and practical values to study corrosion condition of 316 L steel in liquid PbBi with high-velocity.     

液膜电化学刻蚀法制备纳米电极的数学模型

介绍了液膜电化学刻蚀法制备纳米电极的原理及过程。根据钨棒刻蚀后的几何形状、电化学反应的基本原理及液体表面张力相关理论,建立了纳米电极制备的数学模型,为液膜电化学刻蚀法制备纳米电极奠定了理论基础。