土体中间主应力确定及其对临界值影响

分析比较平面应变状态下中间主应力的各种形式,根据侧限压缩试验的特殊应力应变条件,推导了一个 与土性参数有关的中间主应力表达式. 该表达式可简单地通过三轴压缩试验所得的参数来确定,同时还可以简 单反映土体应力历史对土体强度的影响. 将该表达式与SMP 准则和Lade 准则结合,建立了平面应变状态下土 性参数与三轴压缩状态土性参数的关系,通过试验数据的分析比较看出,所得的中间主应力能更好地反映土体 的实际性状,对于SMP 准则和Lade 准则均有很好的适用性.     

平板闸门垂向自激振动数学模型研究

在分析前人实验结论和平板闸门自激振动机理的基础上,将结构—尾流振子模型应用到闸门垂向自激振动的研究中,振子模型采用von der por方程,在结构的控制方程中合理地加入了附加质量项。通过确定模型其他参数并对模型进行计算得到闸门稳定自激振动（共振区）下的垂向振动峰值和频率比。计算值和实测值能较好地吻合,从而实现了影响闸门自激振动参数的整合及对闸门自激振动的定量研究,为进一步深入分析闸门自激振动的机理提供了更加可靠的依据。     

Multiple human tracking in high-density crowds

In this paper, we introduce a fully automatic algorithm to detect and track multiple humans in high-density crowds in the presence of extreme occlusion. Typical approaches such as background modeling and body part-based pedestrian detection fail when most of the scene is in motion and most body parts of most of the pedestrians are occluded. To overcome this problem, we integrate human detection and tracking into a single framework and introduce a confirmation-by-classification method for tracking that associates detections with tracks, tracks humans through occlusions, and eliminates false positive tracks. We use a Viola and Jones AdaBoost detection cascade, a particle filter for tracking, and color histograms for appearance modeling. To further reduce false detections due to dense features and shadows, we introduce a method for estimation and utilization of a 3D head plane that reduces false positives while preserving high detection rates. The algorithm learns the head plane from observations of human heads incrementally, without any a priori extrinsic camera calibration information, and only begins to utilize the head plane once confidence in the parameter estimates is sufficiently high. In an experimental evaluation, we show that confirmation-by-classification and head plane estimation together enable the construction of an excellent pedestrian tracker for dense crowds.     

对微波布拉格衍射实验中产生衍射极大值晶面的讨论

通过理论推导出三厘米微波布拉格衍射实验中的模拟晶体只能产生一、二级衍射,而且只有十个晶面可以产生衍射极大值,并且采用微波分光仪可以进行测量。本文还对这些晶面的特点进行了分析讨论,得出只要通过三个有代表性的晶面（晶面族）作为该实验的研究对象,就能够全面研究微波布拉格衍射实验,以便于从事这方面教学与研究的有关专业人士参考。     

随意图像纹理映射的补偿方法

基于局部摄影测量学的随意图像纹理映射是一种新的三维模型纹理映射方法,但其存在由局部纹理缺失引 起的纹理失真问题。提出一种纹理映射的补偿方法,即在局部摄影测量学和约束参数纹理映射方法的基础上,根据随 意图像与模型的关系确定纹理缺失区域,采用刚体转动惯量极小值测定方法和镜像方法寻找模型待映射范围内的对 称面,用对称点的纹理信息对纹理缺失区域进行纹理映射补偿。实验结果表明,对于有局部对称面的三维模型,补足 了缺失的纹理,消除了纹理拉伸失真现象。     

温差引起管子在斜面上的蠕动现象

在斜面上布置管路时,虽然设计上满足了管子自重下滑力与其摩擦力的平衡,但工程实际中管子仍会下滑从而造成变形破坏。详细分析了破坏的原因,认为是由于温差引起管子在斜面上蠕动而造成的。     

点到平面距离公式的一种新证法

该文根据球面上一点切平面的方程和平移变换,对空间任一点P(x0,y0,z0),分P点为坐标原点和P点不是坐标原点两种情形,给出了到平面π:Ax By Cz D=0的距离公式d=|Ax0 By0 Cz0 D|/√A2 B2 C2 的一种新证法.     

Transverse shear and pressurization effects in the bending of plates with reinforced cracks

The authors develop an eigth-order model for bending of transversally isotropic plates and use integral transforms and a collocation method to form a line-spring model for a cracked plate. The eigth-order model allows satisfaction of the three standard plate bending boundary conditions; the normal moment, twisting moment, and transverse shear force, and an additional shear stress resultant that allows analysis of transverse normal stresses near the crack tip. The line-spring model is used to develop geometry correction factors for bending of finite-thickness plates, accounting for transverse shear deformation and pressurization of the plate near the crack tip. The line-spring model is then applied to the problem of a plate with a reinforced crack, and the results are used to validate an interpolation solution based on an energy method. While not explicitly analysed, the models are applicable to many problems, including bending of bonded repairs, fracture and fatigue of composite and layered materials, surface cracks, crack tip plasticity and crack closure or crack face interaction.     

A weight function-critical plane approach for low-cycle fatigue under variable amplitude multiaxial loading

Low‐cycle fatigue data of type 304 stainless steel obtained under axial‐torsional loading of variable amplitudes are analyzed using four multiaxial fatigue parameters: SWT, KBM, FS and LKN. Rainflow cycle counting and Morrow's plastic work interaction rule are used to calculate fatigue damage. The performance of a fatigue model is dependent on the fatigue parameter, the critical plane and the damage accumulation rule employed in the model. The conservatism and non‐conservatism of predicted lives are examined for some combinations of these variables. A new critical plane called the weight function‐critical plane is introduced for variable amplitude loading. This approach is found to improve the KBM‐based life predictions.     

大转动平面梁有限元分析的共旋坐标法

虽然大转动平面梁单元已有很多,但其中许多太复杂,缺乏计算效率,值得改进。采用共旋坐标法准确的首次导出了平面梁单元发生大转动小应变时的非对称单元切线刚度矩阵,利用这一非对称的单元切线刚度矩阵由Newton-Raphson迭代法编制了一个FORTRAN程序NPFSAP,并获得了大转动梁、方形和圆形框架的高精度数值解,表明了这种非线性单元列式的正确性和非线性求解过程的收敛性,非对称单元切线刚度矩阵值得推介。