Contamination of shellfish from Shanghai seafood markets with paralytic shellfish poisoning and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins determined by mouse bioassay and HPLC

This paper reports the results of investigations of shellfish toxin contamination of products obtained from Shanghai seafood markets. From May to October 2003, 66 samples were collected from several major seafood markets. Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in shellfish samples were monitored primarily by a mouse bioassay, then analysed by HPLC for the chemical contents of the toxins. According to the mouse bioassay, eight samples were detected to be contaminated by PSP toxins and seven samples were contaminated by DSP toxins. Subsequent HPLC analysis indicated that the concentrations of the PSP toxins ranged from 0.2 to 1.9 µg/100 g tissues and the main components were gonyautoxins 2/3 (GTX2/3). As for DSP, okadaic acid was detected in three samples, and its concentration ranged from 3.2 to 17.5 µg/100 g tissues. Beside okadaic acid, its analogues, dinophysistoxins (DTX1), were found in one sample. According to the results, gastropod (Neverita didyma) and scallop (Argopecten irradians) were more likely contaminated with PSP and DSP toxins, and most of the contaminated samples were collected from Tongchuan and Fuxi markets. In addition, the contaminated samples were always found in May, June and July. Therefore, consumers should be cautious about eating the potential toxic shellfish during this specific period.     

二氢杨梅素防治磨损颗粒诱导的小鼠颅骨骨溶解的实验研究

目的: 探讨二氢杨梅素（DMY）对磨损颗粒诱导的小鼠颅骨骨溶解的作用。方法: 选用30只8周龄雄性C57BL/J6小鼠,随机分成3组,每组10只。分别为假手术组（Sham）、阳性对照组（Control）和二氢杨梅素组（DMY）。假手术组手术不加钛颗粒,阳性对照组和DMY组手术时颅骨部位注入30 mg钛颗粒构建小鼠颅骨骨溶解模型。术后DMY组每天连续予500 mg/kg DMY灌胃;假手术组和阳性对照组给予相应体积的生理盐水灌胃。14 d后取眼眶静脉血,随后处死所有实验动物并收集颅骨标本。所有标本行Micro-CT扫描、采集计算机3D重建图像并进行定量分析,随后标本脱钙后以石蜡包埋,进行病理学分析。 结果: Micro-CT扫描3D重建图像显示DMY组小鼠颅骨表面骨溶解严重程度显著低于阳性对照组;Micro-CT扫描显示DMY组小鼠颅骨骨密度明显高于阳性对照组（P<0.05）。HE染色及TRAP染色分析显示,与阳性对照组相比,DMY组小鼠颅骨骨溶解区域破骨细胞数明显减少。DMY组小鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α、NF-κB受体激活剂配体（RANKL）水平显著低于阳性对照组（P<0.05）;骨保护素（OPG）水平显著高于阳性对照组（P<0.05）。体外细胞培养实验显示,DMY可在体外显著抑制RANKL诱导的破骨细胞分化。结论: DMY可有效抑制磨损颗粒诱导的小鼠颅骨骨溶解。     

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Response in a Preclinical Alcohol Model of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Injury

Background and Aims: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has recently been shown to play a potential role in bile acid metabolism. We aimed to investigate the FGF21 response in an ethanol-induced acute-on-chronic liver injury (ACLI) model in Abcb4^−/− mice with deficiency of the hepatobiliary phospholipid transporter. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from wild-type (WT, C57BL/6J) and Abcb4⁻/⁻ (KO) mice, which were either fed a control diet (WT-Cont and KO-Cont groups; n = 28/group) or ethanol diet, followed by an acute ethanol binge (WT-EtOH and KO-EtOH groups; n = 28/group). A total of 58 human subjects were recruited into the study, including patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD; n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 27). The hepatic and ileal expressions of genes involved in bile acid metabolism, plasma FGF levels, and bile acid and its precursors 7α- and 27-hydroxycholesterol (7α- and 27-OHC) concentrations were determined. Primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated for cell culture experiments. Results: Alcohol feeding significantly induced plasma FGF21 and decreased hepatic Cyp7a1 levels. Hepatic expression levels of Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1), Fgfr4, Farnesoid X-activated receptor (Fxr), and Small heterodimer partner (Shp) and plasma FGF15/FGF19 levels did not differ with alcohol challenge. Exogenous FGF21 treatment suppressed Cyp7a1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. AALD patients showed markedly higher FGF21 and lower 7α-OHC plasma levels while FGF19 did not differ. Conclusions: The simultaneous upregulation of FGF21 and downregulation of Cyp7a1 expressions upon chronic plus binge alcohol feeding together with the invariant plasma FGF15 and hepatic Shp and Fxr levels suggest the presence of a direct regulatory mechanism of FGF21 on bile acid homeostasis through inhibition of CYP7A1 by an FGF15-independent pathway in this ACLI model. Lay Summary: Alcohol challenge results in the upregulation of FGF21 and repression of Cyp7a1 expressions while circulating FGF15 and hepatic Shp and Fxr levels remain constant both in healthy and pre-injured livers, suggesting the presence of an alternative FGF15-independent regulatory mechanism of FGF21 on bile acid homeostasis through the inhibition of Cyp7a1.     

防鼠型PVC护套料配方研究

本文分析了防鼠 PVC护套料防鼠性能与防鼠剂用量的关系 ,防鼠 PVC护套料物理机械性能及电气性能与树脂、增塑剂、稳定剂、抗氧剂、填充剂等添加剂之间的关系 ,介绍了防鼠 PVC护套料配方的研制过程及配方的性能     

Effective accelerometer test beds for output enhancement of an inertial navigation system

This paper is submitted upon a research to enhance the output of an accelerometer widely used in inertial navigation units. In our study we introduce relatively simple and effective test beds to collect accurate and diverse reference data. We also carried out calibration runs with a highly accurate electromechanical shaking table. The proposed test beds compare well with sophisticated counterparts. The collected data is used to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) which would improve the accelerometer outputs by estimating the reference data from the actual sensor outputs. The ANN performance is compared with classic low pass filtering methods to provide a relative performance criterion. In this paper we focus on test beds rather than to give the details of the whole study. The test beds introduced in this research can be used for acquiring reference data for implementation of other different filter methods as well.     

The Striped Mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) From the Succulent Karoo, South Africa: A Territorial Group-Living Solitary Forager With Communal Breeding and Helpers at the Nest.

The authors studied the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) in the semiarid succulent karoo of South Africa. Mice forage alone, but they live in groups that share a common nest. Groups consist of 1 to 4 breeding females, 1 to 2 breeding males, and their offspring of both sexes, which remain in their natal group even after reaching adulthood, participating in territorial defense and nest building without showing signs of reproductive activity. Interactions are typically amicable and take place inside or in front of the nest. In contrast, encounters with mice from other groups are aggressive. Group living in the succulent karoo is possibly due to ecological constraints imposed by habitat saturation because of a year-round stable food supply as well as associated benefits of philopatry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Patterns of deposition of urine containing chemosignals that affect puberty and reproduction by wild stock male and female house mice (Mus domesticus)

House mice release chemosignals in their urine that influence the timing of puberty and reproductive condition in conspecific females. These experiments tested the possibility that mice depositing urine containing chemosignals that affect puberty and reproduction do so differentially with respect to urine cues from conspecifics. Mice were tested in cages containing samples of urine or water on cotton in wire mesh capsules protruding from the cage floor. Their urine deposition patterns were recorded on squares of filter paper positioned below the cages. Males deposited more urine than females housed in groups, estrous females, diestrous females, or prepubertal females. All groups of mice deposited urine in a nonrandom fashion with regard to urine cues from conspecifics. Male mice deposited more urine near locations previously soiled by females than near water or other males. Grouped females deposited more urine near male urine cues and avoided depositing urine near urine from other group-housed females. Both estrous and diestrous female mice deposited more urine near males than near other urine cues or water, possibly to attract mates. Prepubertal females avoided depositing their urine near male urine and urinated more near urine from grouped females than near other urine types or water. Young females may be avoiding possible male mates until they have attained puberty. This avoidance behavior may enhance the long-term reproductive success of the females that otherwise might mature and mate at too young an age.     

不同剂量的He-Ne激光对妊娠母鼠子代的生长及行为的影响

目的：He-Ne激光对妊娠母鼠进行照射后，观察对其子代的致变效应。方法：取雌雄小白鼠若干。当母鼠怀孕后开始进行激光照射，随机分成4组，照射时间为0,10，30,60min。当子鼠出生30d后，对其进行生长和行为的观察。结果：不同剂量的He-Ne激光照射妊娠母鼠，其子代的体重，学习记忆力、耐寒能力和缺氧环境适应能力有所不同。结论：He-Ne激光对生物体的致变效应是存在的，且与激光的剂量有关。     

真三维显示器上立体空间鼠标的实现及优化

通过介绍基于视觉的空间定位方法,解释了真三维立体鼠标的实现原理,搭建了真三维立体鼠标系统。针对真三维立体鼠标的空间静态与动态抖动问题,研究了真三维立体鼠标的去抖方法。为了实现两点触控,提出了鬼点去除方法,实现了两个指尖的位置识别。实验证明,在不需要佩戴任何标记和传感器的条件下,基于视觉的立体鼠标能够在真三维显示器上准确绘制图形且不受室内环境光干扰。     

鼠神经生长因子治疗肺癌并发带状疱疹神经痛的临床观察

目的:观察鼠神经生长因子联合椎旁神经根阻滞治疗肺癌併发带状疱疹神经痛的临床疗效。方法:将40例具有典型带状疱疹神经痛表现的肺癌患者随机分为A组(实验组)和B组(对照组)各20例。治疗组给予鼠神经生长因子肌注1支每日一次+椎旁神经根阻滞每周2次;对照组给予椎旁神经阻滞每周2次。观察治疗后1周、2周疼痛指标及1月后的随访结果。结果:比较两组患者的疼痛指标及总体疗效,A组优于B组,有显著性意义P0.05。结论:鼠神经生长因子联合椎旁神经根治疗肺癌伴带状疱疹神经痛优于单纯椎旁神经阻滞治疗。