基于塑料闪烁体光纤阵列的中子探测系统设计

为了能探测高能中子,获得中子能谱信息,设计了一套基于塑料闪烁体光纤和多路复用技术的中子探测系统。利用梯度尺寸结构的阵列化探头感应中子入射的能量和方向。多路复用数据采集及读出单元接收探测器输出信号并产生触发信号,经处理后上传给上位机。数据采集及读出系统通过以太网实现实时通信。上位机程序基于LabWindows/CVI软件平台开发,实现数据读取与保存以及采集系统运行状态参数信息的实时显示。通过中子模拟源进行了现场测试,结果表明,设计的中子探测系统满足设计要求,能实现中子能量与入射方向的测量。     

脉冲中子源法测量铅基零功率反应堆Venus-Ⅱ次临界度

本文利用脉冲中子源法测量了铅基零功率反应堆Venus-Ⅱ在4种燃料棒装载情况下的次临界度,简要介绍了脉冲中子源法测量次临界度的原理、测量系统及实验结果等,通过面积比法分析了各探测器的计数率时间谱,确定了系统次临界度。测量结果表明,当系统有效增殖因数在0.94附近时,不同位置处的探测器测量结果之间呈明显差异。基于MCNP理论模拟计算,分别用空间修正因子和普适的微扰法对面积比测量结果进行必要修正,消除了空间效应对实验结果的影响。在系统有效增殖因数约0.94时,经修正的面积比法能精确给出系统的次临界度。本实验研究为ADS嬗变系统的次临界度精确测量提供了一种有效方法。     

钒自给能探测器延迟信号数字处理算法与实验研究

钒自给能探测器（VSPND）输出电流信号的慢响应特性严重影响反应堆内中子通量的实时测量,不利于反应堆的控制和安全管理。采用反函数计算或各种补偿方法改进其响应特性,有利于VSPND的使用。本文研究了前向差分变换法、后向差分变换法、阶跃响应不变法及双线性变换法等4种数字处理算法,提出了两次处理的方法,有效缩短了VSPND输出信号的响应时间,时间常数由325.47 s减少到7 s以内,其中阶跃响应不变法算法的时间常数最小为5.2 s。设计了数字实验系统,验证了算法的正确性,为该探测器用于反应堆内中子通量测量的快速响应提供了可行性。     

中子俘获反应截面在线测量技术研究

利用γ全吸收型4π BaF₂探测装置,对中子俘获反应截面进行了在线测量。基于HI-13串列加速器提供的脉冲化质子束,通过⁷Li(p,n) ⁷Be反应产生中子,构建了keV能区中子源实验条件,经屏蔽准直后的中子轰击样品,应用4π BaF₂装置在线测量(n,γ)反应复合核退激时释放的瞬发γ射线级联,测量了Au、C、Nb、空白等样品。通过计算⁹³Nb(n,γ)⁹⁴Nb和¹⁹⁷Au(n,γ)¹⁹⁸Au两个反应的截面数据比值并与文献数据比对,检验了4π BaF₂探测装置和(n,γ)反应截面在线测量技术,为在中国散裂中子源（CSNS）上顺利开展(n,γ)反应截面数据测量工作提供了技术支持。     

Investigation of ortho↔para hydrogen conversion by collisions with neutrons

Liquid hydrogen (LH) is constituted by para hydrogen (pH) and ortho hydrogen (oH) molecules. We analyzed the neutron scattering cross sections for pH→oH, pH→pH, oH→pH, and oH→oH reactions in LH. Results show that incident neutron energy lower than 14.7 meV is not sufficient to achieve pH→oH conversion. As energy increases, the cross section of pH→oH reaction increases sharply. If incident neutron energy is larger than 30 meV, branching fraction of pH molecules being converted into oH molecules upon inelastic scattering with the neutrons approaches 100%. As for the opposite process, branching fraction of oH→pH conversion is 10%–20% when incident neutron energy is lower than 30 meV. This conversion fraction oscillates with increasing incident neutron energy, eventually stabilizing at 30%. Based on the cross sections of the four reaction channels, we calculated the corresponding conversion rates based on a reactor cold neutron source model. There is 0.12% pH molecules of LH moderator would be converted to oH for one month operation . If neutron flux increased by 2 orders of magnitude, more than 10% pH would be transformed into oH, which means relative conversion rate of pH→oH induced by neutron inelastic scattering is not negligible.     

Neutron energy dependence of delayed neutron yields and its assessments

Incident neutron energy dependence of delayed neutron yields of uranium and plutonium isotopes is investigated. A summation calculation of decay and fission yield data is employed, and the energy dependence of the latter part is considered in a phenomenological way. Our calculation systematically reproduces the energy dependence of delayed neutron yields by introducing an energy dependence of the most probable charge and the odd–even e?ect. The calculated fission yields are assessed by comparison with JENDL/FPY-2011, delayed neutron activities, and decay heats. Although the fission yields in this work are optimized to delayed neutron yields, the calculated decay heats are in good agreement with the experimental data. Comparison of the fission yields calculated in this work and JENDL/FPY-2011 gave an important insight for the evaluation of the next Japanese evaluated nuclear data library (JENDL) .     

全超导非圆截面托卡马克中性束注入窗口材料活化研究

中性束注入加热为全超导非圆截面托卡马克(EAST)主要辅助加热方式之一.伴随着中性束注入加热,等离子体中子出射强度可达到1014 n/s.由于中性束注入窗口具有较大的开口尺寸,窗口泄露的大量中子可能影响系统的安全稳定运行.本文基于EAST中性束二维模型和蒙特卡洛程序MCNP与材料活化程序FISPACT,研究EAST两条...     

Activation Response of Martensitic Steels

A hypothetical martensitic steel has been compositionally designed in order to optimize both metallurgical and reduced activation properties. When compared with two other martensitic steels, its activation characteristics are shown to be superior for all activation indices examined. However, these excellent properties are found to be due to the assumed absence of deleterious tramp impurities. When limiting impurity concentrations are determined for the hypothetical steel, they are found to be extremely stringent, and wholly unachievable using industrial scale production methods. It is concluded that only slight improvements can be made to currently available low activation martensitic steels to reduce residual activity responses further.     

微型中子源堆低浓化堆芯的探讨

通过对２３５Ｕ富集度为１９．９％的ＵＯ２和Ｕ３Ｓｉ２－Ａｌ的弥散体２种燃料进行物理计算，从中筛选出了优化的堆芯方案，并对其静态物理参数，诸如有效倍增因子、绝对中子通量密度、上铍反射层反应性价值、反应性温度系数、控制棒价值等进行了计算。     

快中子临界装置逆动态法反应性测量系统研制与应用

逆动态法可实时、准确地测量反应性,在反应性部件刻度、扰动反应性效应测量、动力堆的瞬态分析等领域具有独特的优点。本文基于逆动态法研制了快中子临界装置反应性测量系统,并对其进行了算法验证与指标分析。实验结果表明,该系统具有测量精度高、响应快、分辨率高、使用方便等优点,满足实验需求。