石油化工污水处理场恶臭气体治理方案选择

污水处理场恶臭气体的治理是目前环保领域研究的新课题。文章在分析国内外现有恶臭气体处理技术的基础上,结合中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司炼油、化纤污水处理场实际状况和近年的研究分析数据,探讨选择出符合实际的有效治理方案,为下一步有效改善污水处理场及周边的大气环境奠定了基础。     

同时去除碳烟颗粒物和氮氧化物催化剂研究进展

针对柴油车尾气排放的两大主要污染物碳烟颗粒物和氮氧化物的同时催化去除,综述了贵金属催化剂、单一金属氧化物和复合金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,并提出了该催化研究领域存在的主要问题及发展方向.     

贵金属硫化物催化剂的制备及其在催化加氢反应中的应用

贵金属硫化物催化剂对含硫化合物加氢、加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮和卤代硝基化合物加氢等方面有特殊应用,选择性高,不易失活.总结了国内外贵金属硫化物制备方法,综述了各类贵金属硫化物在催化加氢方面的应用,并对贵金属特别是Pd的不同种硫化物种间相互转变条件进行了探讨.     

基于TRIZ理论的一种减少已破裂烧杯内溶液损失的方法研究

文章运用TRIZ理论,在分析己发生破裂的烧杯与减少烧杯内溶液损失所存在的技术矛盾的基础上,通过查找矛盾矩阵表,得到推荐的发明原理,并对被推荐的发明原理进行分析,找到了两种基于虹吸原理和多孔材料的解决该问题的方法.     

Rate‐based modelling of reactive absorption of acid gases in an aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution

In this work different tools for accurate prediction of acid gas absorption are used. At first, simulation of reactive absorption is carried out using the RATEFRAC module of Aspen Plus, which is tested against pilot plant data. The limitations and disadvantages of this module are presented. In order to present a more predictive approach a rate‐based model for the gas scrubbing process is developed. In this model the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium is considered only at the gas–liquid interphase. Chemical equilibrium among the reacting species in the liquid phase is assumed just for the bulk phase. Mass transfer is modelled using mass transfer coefficients calculated from available correlations which are then improved using an enhancement factor to account for the chemical reactions. The validity of the suggested model is established by comparison of model results with published pilot plant data. The prediction results using the proposed model are improved by around 17% AAD for CO₂ and around 7.5% AAD for H₂S compared to simulation results using Aspen Plus.     

Oxygen vacancy levels on gadolinia-doped ceria interlayer deposited by atmospheric pressure plasma jet for solid oxide fuel cells

The oxygen vacancy levels as a factor on different gadolinia-doped ceria interlayer (GDCi) films deposited on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte substrates by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) via precursor solution of nitrate salts are investigated. Focusing on the effect of carrier gases, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are implemented for the materials characterization of the as-deposited GDCi films and sintered-GDCi films at various temperatures. The higher level of oxygen vacancies in GDCi films adhered on 8YSZ electrolyte are evidently analyzed using Ar as the carrier gas during the deposition, of which the interdiffusion resulted in the formation of (GDC + YSZ) solid solution for sintering over 1300?°C degraded the total conductivity. The deposition of GDCi films on 8YSZ by APPJ method using O₂ carrier gas significantly improved the total conductivities of the whole electrolyte layers. Moreover, this study provides the useful insight into the oxygen vacancy levels on GDC films as interlayer (GDCi) to improve the values of open circuit voltage in LSM/GDCi/YSZ/Pt full-cell, as well as offering the efficiency of APPJ as one step deposition process.     

利用插入式超声波传感器测量气体介质流速／流量的研究

首次提出一种插入式超声波流速／流量测量装置，它适合于大管径下气体介质的测量．建立在ＲＩＴＴＤ方法的基础之上，所设计系统主要由Ｉｎｔｅｌ８０９８微处理器，逻辑控制电路，计时计数器，传感器，驱动及接收电路等组成．风洞实验表明，系统在２０ｍ／ｓ流速范围内，测量准确度优于２％ＦＳ，分辨率达５ｍｍ／ｓ     

巯基胺型螯合树脂的合成及其吸附性能研究

本文合成了一系列新的巯基胺型树脂,并测定了它们对Au(Ⅲ)、Ag(Ⅰ)、Hg(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)等金属离子的吸附性能。结果表明,这些树脂对贵金属离子具有良好的吸附性能,其中对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附容量可达1.97g金/g树脂。在Au(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ)-Zn(Ⅱ)-Mg(Ⅱ)和Ag(Ⅰ)-Cu(Ⅱ)-Zn(Ⅱ)-Pb(Ⅱ)混合溶液中,该树脂只分别吸附Au(Ⅲ)和Ag(Ⅰ),而几乎不吸附其它金属离子,显示出良好的吸附选择性。     

剂油比对重油催化裂化产品分布及裂化气组成的影响

本文在小型提升管重油催化裂化装置上考察了剂油比对产品分布和裂化气组成影响。結果表明,在其它条件不变的情况下,随剂油比的增加,裂化气、汽油、轻质油产率以及转化率和焦炭生成量均有所增加,而重油和柴油产率减少;裂化气中各组分含量增加(以进料为基准),其中C_3~=和C_4~=烯烃增加显著.     

Comparative Study of 9×19 mm Ammunition Combustion Products and Residues

During the last decades, authorities’ awareness on environmental and human health impact at national and international level has increased in the field of small arms ammunition containing lead and antimony. Thus, the evolution of environmental policies regarding production and use of heavy metals and their compounds, especially in EU countries, implied extensive studies on the environmental implications of 9×19 mm caliber ammunition use, especially in indoor shooting ranges. In this context, the paper describes the experimental studies performed on Pb‐containing conventional FMJ (full metal jacketed) ammunition and comparative measurements on new ammunition designed for training. The combustion products and residues from conventional Pb‐containing ammunition and Cu‐based “greener” ammunition were compared in terms of gaseous products, metal concentration in aerosols and metal concentrations in solid residues. Gas emissions and solid residues were measured for four different types of ammunitions. The results showed that the copper content of the residue is significantly higher in case of Cu‐containing composite bullets. For the ammunition equipped with Pb bullet, an important percentage of the Pb residue is generated by erosion of the exposed part of the bullet core. On the other hand, the ammunition containing Cu‐composite bullet generates large quantities of Cu residues, which have similar environmental impact and less impact on human health. Gas analysis indicated the presence of CO and NO_x and, surprisingly, high concentrations of HCN, CH₄, and NH₃. Lower gas concentrations are obtained for the composite bullets due to an incomplete combustion of gun propellant.