Structural and Functional Change in Albino Rat Retina Induced by Various Visible Light Wavelengths

The effects of visible light, from short to long wavelengths, on the retina were investigated functionally and histologically. The left eyes of Sprague–Dawley albino rats (6-weeks old, n = 6 for each wavelength) were exposed to seven narrow-band wavelengths (central wavelengths, 421, 441, 459, 501, 541, 581, and 615 nm) with bandwidths of 16 to 29 nm (half bandwidth, ±8–14.5 nm) using a xenon lamp source with bandpass filters at the retinal radiant exposures of 340 and 680 J/cm². The right unexposed eyes served as controls. Seven days after exposure, flash electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was measured. Compared to the unexposed eyes, significant reductions in the a- and b-wave ERG amplitudes were seen in eyes exposed to 460-nm or shorter wavelengths of light. The ONL thickness near the optic nerve head also tended to decrease with exposure to shorter wavelengths. The decreased ERG amplitudes and ONL thicknesses were most prominent in eyes exposed to 420-nm light at both radiant exposures. When the wavelengths were the same, the higher the amount of radiant exposure and the stronger the damage. Compared to the unexposed eyes, the a- and b-waves did not decrease significantly in eyes exposed to 500-nm or longer wavelength light. The results indicate that the retinal damage induced by visible light observed in albino rats depends on the wavelength and energy level of the exposed light.     

中国散裂中子源反角白光中子束斑测量

中国散裂中子源（CSNS）反角白光中子（Back-n）束斑品质是核数据测量和其他物理实验的基础。利用像增器脉冲选通特性和飞行时间法搭建了一套具有时间分辨能力的成像系统,其空间分辨小于1 mm,初步实现了束斑轮廓、尺寸和非均匀性等特性参数的测量和定量分析。在距散裂靶约55、75 m处测得束斑FWHM分别为55、63 mm,对应峰值强度约75%处束斑直径分别为50、60 mm,且束斑边缘陡峭,呈台阶状。分析表明,束斑轮廓、尺寸和非均匀性等特性参数均与中子能量无关,在束斑中心区域80%范围内非均匀性小于10%。测量结果表明,CSNS反角白光中子源物理终端具有较好的中子束斑品质,可开展较高精度的核数据测量。     

1H NMR代谢指纹图谱结合化学计量学快速检测蛹虫草掺假

目的：采用氢核磁共振(1H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H NMR)结合正交偏最小二乘法(Orthogonal partial least squares,OPLS)建立对蛹虫草中金针菇、杏鲍菇和香菇掺假的快速鉴别方法。方法：主成分分析得分图显示,不同类型的掺假样品并不能完全分离。采用两步法进一步提高模型的鉴别能力,首先对纯蛹虫草和掺假蛹虫草进行OPLS-DA分析,模型显示真假蛹虫草分类良好,两类样品存在明显区别。然后对所有20% (w/w)掺假蛹虫草进行了O2PLS-DA模型分析,通过分别由28个和12个样本组成的训练和测试集来检查鉴别能力的准确性。结果：模型整体拟合优度为R2X = 75.2%, R2Y = 92.3%,整体交叉验证系数Q2 = 89.7%,掺假物金针菇、杏鲍菇和香菇能够被准确辨别。结论：1H NMR代谢指纹图谱结合化学计量学,对于真伪蛹虫草及掺假类型能够有效鉴别,可用于大批量商业筛选。     

Power sources and electrical recharging strategies for implantable medical devices

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are critically requested for the survival of patients subject to certain serious diseases such as bradycardia, fibrillation, diabetes, and disability, etc. Appropriate working of an active implantable medical device (IMD) heavily relies on the continuous supply of electricity. In this sense, long-term powering and recharging of an IMD via a highly safe, efficient and convenient way is, therefore, extremely important in clinics. Several conventional batteries, such as lithium cell, nuclear cell and bio-fuel cell, etc., have been developed to power IMDs. Meanwhile, the recharge of IMD from outside of the human body is also under investigation. In this paper, some of the most typical IMD batteries are reviewed. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared. In addition, several emerging innovations to recharge or directly drive the implanted batteries, including electromagnetic energy transmission, piezoelectric power generation, thermoelectric devices, ultrasonic power motors, radio frequency recharging and optical recharging methods, etc., are also discussed. Some fundamental and practical issues thus involved are summarized, and future prospects in this area are made.     

多联产 核电与中国远期能源规划

近年来在能源方面有许多战略研究,但比较可操作的是加速发展以煤气化为核心的多联产与核电。在电力负荷高峰时,可用于发电;在电力负荷低谷时,可制取替代燃料与氢。该方案可解决我国电力和液体燃料需求这两个关键能源问题,并同时减少常规污染物和温室气体的排放,从而保证能源安全和实现经济可持续发展。     

先进适用性测井新技术在中原油田的应用

本文论述了先进适用性测井技术评价方法的地质优势,介绍了中原油田储层的地质特征,展示了测井新技术地质应用效果：准确对裂缝性储层参数进行定量解释,对碳酸盐岩储层进行有效性评价,对地层构造沉积相进行分析,有效地划分水淹程度,直观地识别孔隙中流体性质,有效地识别油干层界限。     

压水堆蒸发器水位调节失控跳堆分析及在线诊断调整

分析了核电站引发蒸发器给水控制系统(ARE)水位跳堆的主要原因和薄弱环节,建立了在功率运行状态下进行ARE主阀调节偏差在线调整和旁路阀调节偏差在线调整技术,提出并实施处理方案,解决了压水堆机组在启停过程中水位容易发生失控的技术难题.     

The Value of Whole-Genome Sequencing for Mitochondrial DNA Population Studies: Strategies and Criteria for Extracting High-Quality Mitogenome Haplotypes

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data present a readily available resource for mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) haplotypes that can be utilized for genetics research including population studies. However, the reconstruction of the mitogenome is complicated by nuclear mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) segments (NUMTs) that co-align with the mtDNA sequences and mimic authentic heteroplasmy. Two minimum variant detection thresholds, 5% and 10%, were assessed for the ability to produce authentic mitogenome haplotypes from a previously generated WGS dataset. Variants associated with NUMTs were detected in the mtDNA alignments for 91 of 917 (~8%) Swedish samples when the 5% frequency threshold was applied. The 413 observed NUMT variants were predominantly detected in two regions (nps 12,612–13,105 and 16,390–16,527), which were consistent with previously documented NUMTs. The number of NUMT variants was reduced by ~97% (400) using a 10% frequency threshold. Furthermore, the 5% frequency data were inconsistent with a platinum-quality mitogenome dataset with respect to observed heteroplasmy. These analyses illustrate that a 10% variant detection threshold may be necessary to ensure the generation of reliable mitogenome haplotypes from WGS data resources.