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为了研究电子辐照导致CCD参数退化的损伤机理,以及CCD内不同沟道宽长比的NMOSFET的辐射效应,将与CCD同时流片的两种不同沟道宽长比的深亚微米NMOSFET进行电子辐照实验。分析了电子辐照导致NMOSFET阈值电压和饱和电流退化的情况,以及器件的辐射损伤敏感性。实验结果表明,电子辐照导致两种NMOSFET器件的参数退化情况以及辐射损伤敏感性类似。导致器件参数退化的主要原因是界面陷阱电荷,同时氧化物陷阱电荷表现出了一定的竞争关系。实验结果为研究CCD电子辐照导致的辐射效应提供了基础数据支持。 相似文献
64.
N. G. Shiva Prasad G. V. Ashok H. M. Mahesh 《The International journal of environmental studies》2013,70(1):83-92
Potable waters from various locations of the Bangalore environment were investigated for their 222Rn concentrations by the emanometry method. About 94 groundwater (borewell) samples were analysed for 222Rn concentrations and found to vary in the range 5.3–283.4 Bq L?1 with a mean value of 87 Bq L?1. Frequency distribution showed the 222Rn concentration in a large number of samples in the range of 0–50 Bq L?1. From the measured concentrations, the effective doses (lung and stomach) for the population of the region were estimated. The effective dose was found to vary from 42.6 to 2280.2 µSv y?1 with a mean value 702.5 µSv y?1. The effect of boiling of water showed a drastic reduction in the 222Rn concentration. The results of the present investigation are systematically analysed, compared with the literature values and discussed. 相似文献
65.
Cleomacio Miguel da Silva Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Costa Júnior 《The International journal of environmental studies》2019,76(3):357-369
The counties of Pedra and Venturosa have one of the largest natural radioactive occurrences of Brazil. The large farms producing milk in the state of Pernambuco are located in these counties. The forage plants cultivated on those farms have high concentrations of 228Ra, a naturally occurring descending radionuclide from the 232Th series. The 228Ra is transferred to the forage plants, and once ingested by the lactating cow, this radionuclide is rapidly transferred to the milk. Thus, milk intake is an important route for 228Ra of incorporation by the human consumer and may induce the appearance of bone sarcoma. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of 228Ra in milk produced in the Pedra and Venturosa farms, in order to estimate the risk of ingestion in the local population. The 228Ra was determined by actin-228 (228Ac) using the radiochemical technique of barium sulphate precipitate (BaSO4). The milk samples had concentrations of 228Ra ranging from 61 to 1338 mBq.l?1, which corresponded to the cumulative equivalent dose ranging from 0.04 to 0.1 Sv. Although the doses were low, regulatory and protective measures should be taken to study the radiotoxic effects of 228Ra in subjects in the public. 相似文献
66.
核工业铀矿冶系统承担我国铀资源的开采和水冶,其工作人员受到氡子体的内照射和γ外照射辐射危害。根据2004年铀矿冶个人剂量监测结果,与核丁业总体剂量分布水平进行了比较;从我国铀资源分布、铀矿山辐射危害特点、采矿方法、矿山辐射防护投入和管理现状等方面,对铀矿冶职业辐射照射剂量较高的原因进行了分析探讨,提出了减少铀矿冶职业辐射危害的建议。 相似文献
67.
《Carbon》2014
Four commercial activated carbons with different chemical and textural characteristics were modified by gamma irradiation under five different conditions: irradiated in absence of water, in presence of ultrapure water, in ultrapure water at pH = 1.0 and 1000 mg L−1 Cl−, in ultrapure water at pH = 7.5 and 1000 mg L−1 Br−, and in ultrapure water at pH = 12.5 and 1000 mg L−1 NO3−. Changes in surface chemistry were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; pH of point of zero charge, total acidic groups and total basic groups, which were determined by assessment with HCl and NaOH; and textural changes were determined by obtaining the corresponding adsorption isotherms of N2 and CO2. Outcomes show that the activated carbon surface chemistry can be modified by gamma irradiation and that the changes depend on the irradiation conditions. Modifications in the sp2 hybridization of the surface carbons suggest that the irradiated carbons undergo graphitization. Measurements of structural parameters indicate that the irradiation treatment does not modify the textural properties of the carbons. Finally, studies of pristine and irradiated activated carbons using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with the Kubelka–Munk function revealed a reduction in band gap energy in the irradiated carbons associated with an increase in sp2 hybridization of the carbon atoms. 相似文献
68.
《Carbon》2014
The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the presence of activated carbon on the degradation of the triiodinated contrast medium diatrizoate (DTZ) by the simultaneous use of gamma radiation and activated carbon. Four commercial activated carbons (Ceca, Witco, Sorbo, and Merck) with different textural and chemical characteristics were used for this purpose. The percentage DTZ removal obtained was considerably higher with the gamma radiation/activated carbon (GM/AC) system than with radiolysis in the absence of activated carbon, and it depended on the specific activated carbon employed. First, we optimized the amount of activated carbon required to maximize the amount of DTZ removed by the GM/AC system (0.06 g). The degradation constants were higher with the GM/AC system than with radiolysis alone, evidencing a synergic effect that favors pollutant removal. This synergic effect is independent of the textural but not the chemical characteristics of the activated carbon, observing a higher synergic activity for carbons with a higher surface content of oxygen, specifically quinone groups. We also highlight that the synergic effect of the activated carbon requires adsorbent–adsorbate electrostatic interaction and is absent when this interaction is hindered. 相似文献
69.
Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery. 相似文献
70.