Y. Ze;E. D. van Asselt;M. Focker;H. J. van der Fels-Klerx; 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2024,23(5):e13403

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Qian-Dong Feng;Jin-Song Xia;Liangjun Wen;Mohammad Yazdi; 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2024,40(5):2159-2177

The surging global demand for renewable energy has fueled the expansion of offshore wind energy, leveraging superior wind profiles and technological advancements in offshore wind turbine technology. Despite this growth, the operational experience of floating offshore wind turbines still needs to be improved as an emerging technology. Addressing this knowledge gap, our study compiles a comprehensive database of failure events associated with these turbines. Employing a rigorous analytical approach through the Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methodology, we conduct an in-depth failure analysis of floating offshore wind turbines. This investigation allows us to identify the most critical failure modes and pinpoint components vulnerable to failures. The paper delves into the root causes of these significant failure modes, proposing preventive and corrective measures based on our findings. Our recommendations serve as a strategic guide for stakeholders, offering insights to enhance offshore wind turbines’ design, operation, and maintenance practices and the broader wind farm infrastructure. Despite this, further clarification on the application and highlights of the fuzzy FMEA model is warranted in the abstract, a point we address in the revised conclusion to enhance our study's overall clarity and completeness.  相似文献   

    

Amel Karic  Andreas Kolbitsch 《Mauerwerk》2020,24(3):137-147

Historic masonry buildings under earthquakes – Load‐bearing behaviour in contradiction to the currently applied methods of analysis The stability of historic masonry buildings must be guaranteed not only under normal conditions, but also during natural disasters. The seismic assessment of the masonry buildings of the Gründerzeit (1840–1918) in Vienna is a central topic in the qualitative and constructive assessment. Although masonry construction has been used for many centuries, the realistic evaluation of the load‐bearing behaviour is still a complex challenge. The methods of analysis according to current regulations are only insufficiently able to reflect the real load‐bearing behaviour and the possible activation of global failure mechanisms. As a result, the simplified verification is often difficult to calculate for many historic buildings, and questionable reinforcement measures are taken to compensate, even though the buildings have already experienced several earthquakes and survived most of them without damage. The present work deals with the approaches of current methods of analysis and aims to identify problem points and to compare them with time history analysis, which is supported by a powerful material model based on test series. It is shown that the conventional analysis for the historic masonry buildings without consideration of the interaction and load transfer effects as well as the characteristic construction methods only partially reflect the real load‐bearing behaviour. The work is intended to be a contribution to the technical expert discussions on the seismic safety of historic buildings and to stimulate the discussion on the formulation of realistic methods of analysis.  相似文献   

    

Xiangsheng Liu  Ivanna Tang  Zev A. Wainberg  Huan Meng 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,16(36)

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Ying‐Nan Song  Mao‐Qin Lei  Jun Lei  Zhong‐Ming Li 《Advanced Materials Technologies》2020,5(7)

A radiative cooling garment is proposed as a promising strategy for ordinary people to attain high thermal comfort indoors and outdoors. However, low production and poor cooling capability restrict its wide applications. Herein, a high‐performance fiber and its textile with pore and wrinkle structures are fabricated that consist of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene oxide. This specific structure endows the fiber and textile with high IR absorbance/emissivity (90.97%) and sunlight reflectance (93.77%). Therefore, the hybrid porous PE fiber and textile show good cooling capabilities and avoid the human body overheating by 6.8 °C under direct solar irradiation. The inner temperature of the transparent house with a roof covered by the textile decreases by 20.3 and 12.5 °C compared to the states of no extra cover and cotton cover, respectively. Apart from that, the results of the simulating and real human body measurements demonstrate that the porous PE textile enables the human body to acquire the same thermal comfort as the bare state. More importantly, the porous PE fiber and textile are superlight, flexible, moisture‐permeable, and waterproof, and meanwhile, have excellent tensile strength and UV protection properties. The good comprehensive performance indicates that the textile is appealing for fabricating summer clothes.  相似文献   

    

Nelson H. Carreras Guzman  Morten Wied  Igor Kozine  Mary Ann Lundteigen 《Systems Engineering》2020,23(2):189-210

Many safety‐related systems are evolving into cyber‐physical systems (CPSs), integrating information technologies in their control architectures and modifying the interactions among automation and human operators. Particularly, a promising potential exists for enhanced efficiency and safety in applications such as autonomous transportation systems, control systems in critical infrastructures, smart manufacturing and process plants, robotics, and smart medical devices, among others. However, the modern features of CPSs are ambiguous for system designers and risk analysts, especially considering the role of humans and the interactions between safety and security. The sources of safety risks are not restricted to accidental failures and errors anymore. Indeed, cybersecurity attacks can now cascade into safety risks leading to physical harm to the system and its environment. These new challenges demand system engineers and risk analysts to understand the security vulnerabilities existing in CPS features and their dependencies with physical processes. Therefore, this paper (a) examines the key features of CPSs and their relation with other system types; (b) defines the dependencies between levels of automation and human roles in CPSs from a systems engineering perspective; and (c) applies systems thinking to describe a multi‐layered diagrammatic representation of CPSs for combined safety and security risk analysis, demonstrating an application in the maritime sector to analyze an autonomous surface vehicle.  相似文献   

    

Bernardo Borba de Andrade  Alex Rodrigues do Nascimento  Pushpa Narayan Rathie 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2020,36(7):2249-2267

This paper provides a general treatment of statistical inference for the reliability in copula-based stress-strength models. Most of the current literature is either focused on specific models that yield clean formulas or restricted to estimation and engineering aspects without addressing statistical inference. We present two general frameworks, one parametric, one nonparametric, for the estimation of the reliability. The parametric methodology is presented under the general framework of estimating equations, mostly as a combination of existing methodologies from the fields of multivariate analysis, reliability, and econometrics, with some new results. The nonparametric methodology is a novel application based on an existing bivariate kernel method combined with Monte Carlo estimation of the reliability without specification of the copula or the margins. We present results from a small simulation study designed to assess the robustness of the methods discussed in terms of model misspecification. We used geotechnical data and data from the Brazilian Household Survey to illustrate the proposed methodologies in the estimation of factors of safety and financial fragility.  相似文献   

    

Gun-Hee Lee  Jin-Kwan Park  Junyoung Byun  Jun Chang Yang  Se Young Kwon  Chobi Kim  Chorom Jang  Joo Yong Sim  Jong-Gwan Yook  Steve Park 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(8):1906269

Inspired by the human somatosensory system, pressure applied to multiple pressure sensors is received in parallel and combined into a representative signal pattern, which is subsequently processed using machine learning. The pressure signals are combined using a wireless system, where each sensor is assigned a specific resonant frequency on the reflection coefficient (S₁₁) spectrum, and the applied pressure changes the magnitude of the S₁₁ pole with minimal frequency shift. This allows the differentiation and identification of the pressure applied to each sensor. The pressure sensor consists of polypyrrole-coated microstructured poly(dimethylsiloxane) placed on top of electrodes, operating as a capacitive sensor. The high dielectric constant of polypyrrole enables relatively high pressure-sensing performance. The coils are vertically stacked to enable the reader to receive the signals from all of the sensors simultaneously at a single location, analogous to the junction between neighboring primary neurons to a secondary neuron. Here, the stacking order is important to minimize the interference between the coils. Furthermore, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based machine learning is utilized to predict the applied pressure of each sensor from unforeseen S₁₁ spectra. With increasing training, the prediction accuracy improves (with mean squared error of 0.12), analogous to humans' cognitive learning ability.  相似文献   

    

Matthew S. Gonzalez  Qizhang Yan  John Holoubek  Zhaohui Wu  Hongyao Zhou  Nicholas Patterson  Victoria Petrova  Haodong Liu  Ping Liu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(12):1906836

Catastrophic battery failure due to internal short is extremely difficult to detect and mitigate. In order to enable the next-generation lithium-metal batteries, a “fail safe” mechanism for internal short is highly desirable. Here, a novel separator design and approach is introduced to mitigate the effects of an internal short circuit by limiting the self-discharge current to prevent cell temperature rise. A nano-composite Janus separator—with a fully electronically insulating side contacting the anode and a partially electronically conductive (PEC) coating with tunable conductivity contacting the cathode—is implemented to intercept dendrites, control internal short circuit resistance, and slowly drain cell capacity. Galvanostatic cycling experiments demonstrate Li-metal batteries with the Janus separator perform normally before shorting, which then results in a gradual increase of internal self-discharge over >25 cycles due to PEC-mitigated shorting. This is contrasted by a sudden voltage drop and complete failure seen with a single layer separator. Potentiostatic charging abuse tests of Li-metal pouch cells result in dendrites completely penetrating the single-layer separator causing high short circuit current and large cell temperature increase; conversely, negligible current and temperature rise occurs with the Janus separator where post mortem electron microscopy shows the PEC layer successfully intercepts dendrites.  相似文献   

    

Sukhyung Lee  Kisung Park  Bonhyeop Koo  Changhun Park  Minchul Jang  Hongkyung Lee  Hochun Lee 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(35)

Ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes with concentrated Li salt can ensure safe, high‐performance Li metal batteries (LMBs) but suffer from high viscosity and poor ionic transport. A locally concentrated IL (LCIL) electrolyte with a non‐solvating, fire‐retardant hydrofluoroether (HFE) is presented. This rationally designed electrolyte employs lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), 1‐methyl‐1‐propyl pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P13FSI) and 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) as the IL and HFE, respectively (1:2:2 by mol). Adding TTE enables a Li‐concentrated IL electrolyte with low viscosity and good separator wettability, facilitating Li‐ion transport to the Li metal anode. The non‐flammability of TTE contributes to excellent thermal stability. Furthermore, synergy between the dual (FSI/TFSI) anions in the LCIL electrolyte can help modify the solid electrolyte interphase, increasing Li Coulombic efficiency and decreasing dendritic Li deposition. LMBs (Li||LiCoO₂) employing the LCIL electrolyte exhibit good rate capability (≈89 mAh g^?1 at 1.8 mA cm^?2, room temperature) and long‐term cycling (≈80% retention after 400 cycles).  相似文献