基于PLC的真空泵性能参数自动检测系统设计

本文介绍了一套基于西门子S7-1200 PLC开发的、以触摸屏为人机交互界面的真空泵性能参数自动检测系统。该系统可实现真空度、抽速、温度、转速、电流电压等性能参数的自动测量、采集、处理、储存,并在人机界面以参数、图表等多种形式进行显示等功能。系统在运行过程中可自动判断设备运行安全性并报警,同时上传相关数据至上位机。本文从该系统的总体方案设计、硬件组成和软件编程三方面进行了深入探讨。     

东海西湖井身结构深度优化技术及其应用

东海西湖地区深部地层具有研磨性强,可钻性差,机械钻速低,且存在异常高温高压等特点。通过不断探索、实践井身结构优化技术,形成了东海近几年较为固定的探井井身结构。但表层?444.5 mm井眼再加速遭遇“瓶颈”,常压深井井身结构仍有优化空间。随着东海钻井技术的不断进步及油气资源勘探开发的需求,水平井及大斜度井的数量在不断增多,而开发井?215.9 mm井眼水平段?177.8 mm尾管下入困难。因此,需要进一步对东海西湖凹陷区域井身结构进行深度优化。针对以上难点,研究形成了表层井眼尺寸优化技术、深井井身结构简化技术及开发井尾管尺寸优化技术。现场试验应用表明,钻井提速效果明显,为后续井的井身结构继续优化奠定了基础。同时也降低了深部井段复杂情况出现的概率,增大了探井套管和井眼环空间隙,为后续作业提供了便利,也为复杂地质条件下深井和超深井的井身结构的设计提供了新的思路。     

Modelling of V–Hz and vector controlled ASDs in PSCAD/EMTDC for voltage sag studies

This paper deals with modelling and performance of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) subjected to voltage disturbances in electric supply. The aim of this study was to develop appropriate models of typical ASD and investigate their sensitivity to voltage disturbances under various practical modes of operation and control. Accordingly, scalar controlled open and closed loop volts–hertz (V–Hz) and vector controlled closed loop ASDs are modelled in PSCAD/EMTDC environment, and their performance in the presence of voltage disturbances is investigated under typical operating and loading conditions.     

新型混合型限流断路器分析及试验

研究了一种基于高速斥力开关的交直流两用混合型限流断路器方案,该限流断路器在限流过程中先经过一个强迫换流过程,使得触头分离时高速斥力开关上电流减小到较小值,触头分离后再经历一个自然零电压换流过程,将斥力开关电流换流到二极管支路上.重点对限流断路器换流过程进行了理论分析及仿真,分析了其可能出现的4种分断情况.研制了400V/500A限流断路器样机,并进行了不同短路电流上升率的限流试验,验证了理论分析的正确性.     

一种改进的异步电机弱磁控制方法

针对机床用异步电机要求低速时能输出较大转矩且在高速运行时响应速度快的特点,在转子磁场定向的矢量控制方法的基础上,提出一种考虑定子电压的电压闭环弱磁控制策略,实现了励磁电流和输出电压的动态调节,解决了传统方法下电机带负载能力和高速运行响应速度不可兼得的矛盾。试验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

工业循环水水泵组故障类型及影响分析

用故障类型及影响分析法(FMEA),对宁夏石化公司二化肥循环水系统节能改造后的现状进行了调查分析,针对发现的问题提出了改进措施和建议。该分析方法有助于提早发现装置存在隐患,对预防事故发生、减少事故损失有重大意义。     

钢丝非稳态加热的运行速度计算

在热处理钢丝时,大多在对流换热条件下对钢丝进行加热,铅浴热处理是其加热方法之一。本文根据传热学理论,依据能量守恒原理,应用集总热容法,对钢丝在第三类边界条件下的加热建立合适的数学模型,推导出第三类边界条件下的钢丝在对流换热情况时的加热时间计算式,给出了钢丝表面到温和钢丝中心到温时间表达式,由此导出钢丝非稳态加热的运行速度计算式,为钢丝热处理工艺的制定和钢丝加热炉(槽)的设计提供理论计算依据。     

Analysis of the energy performance of a ground source heat pump system after five years of operation

GeoCool plant was the result of a EU project whose main purpose was to adapt ground coupled heat pump technology to cooling dominated areas. The execution of this experimental plant was completed at the end of year 2004, starting on February 2005 the regular operation of the air conditioning system. Since then, GeoCool facility has been monitored by a network of sensors characterizing its most relevant parameters. Several aspects of the performance and behaviour of the system during its first operational year were presented on a previous paper. This paper presents the energy performance measurements of GeoCool ground coupled heat pump system acquired during five years of operation as well as the evolution of the return water temperature from the ground as a representative of the ground temperature. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the system energy performance is maintained through the years with no appreciable impact on ground thermal response.     

地道通风在莫高窟游客服务中心空调系统中的应用

莫高窟地处甘肃省西北部的敦煌市,当地全年气候干燥,为自然除湿创造了有利的条件。介绍了莫高窟游客服务中心接待大厅地道通风的地道设计、运行工况、热舒适指标计算,计算结果表明,室内环境的热舒适状况能满足规范要求。     

Studies on the heating capacity control of a multi-type heat pump system applying a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) method

This paper describes a method to control capacity of a multi-type heat pump system. Because indoor units are interconnected, alteration of the heating or cooling setting of one indoor unit can influence the performance of the other indoor units. Proportional-integral (PI) controllers were used to assess system performance, and the PI controllers’ gain values were optimized by using a genetic algorithm. A system model was established following a system identification optimization process, and a pseudo random binary sequence was selected as the system identification input signal. A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) controller was more effective in reducing such cross-coupling effects than a single-input single-output (SISO) controller. The temperature at the secondary fluid outlet in the condenser and the saturation pressure at the evaporator were selected as the control variables in the MIMO controller. The experimental results showed that an optimized MIMO controller could reduce overshoot by up to 40% compared with the results using a SISO controller.