柔性大波纹管换热器的阻垢自清洗特性实验研究

对柔性大波纹管、普通被纹管和光管换热器的阻垢性能和自清洗性能进行了实验对比。结果表明,柔性大波纹管比普通波纹管和光管结垢速度慢,稳定后传热系数高,其管内湍流程度较高,周期性的轴向流速脉动和管束自振动都明显阻碍了积垢的形成,其自清洗能力也高于普通光管,有利于延长换热器的使用寿命,且具有良好的强化传熱性能、阻垢和自清洗等性能,是一种石油化工工业中具有广泛应用前景的传热元件。     

有源纹波补偿电流平方降压型LED驱动电路

LED理想的驱动方式是恒流驱动,在输出端常采用电解电容进行滤波,但电解电容的寿命与LED寿命不匹配;峰值电流控制是实现恒流驱动的常用控制方式,但该方式仅控制了流过LED的峰值电流,而未精确地控制其平均电流,这对LED的发光效率、可靠性等都有较大的影响。为解决以上问题,将省略了滤波电容的有源纹波补偿电路结构与电流平方控制技术应用于LED驱动电路中,基于电流平方控制对平均电流的控制,以及有源纹波补偿电路对纹波电流的补偿,开展了该驱动电路工作原理的研究及分析,并基于PSIM6．0进行了仿真验证,最后进行了实物仿真。仿真及研究结果表明：通过电流平方控制可以精确地控制平均电流,并且有源补偿环节可以全补偿由于省略滤波电容所带来的电流纹波,使流过LED的电流为近似直流。     

内啮合齿轮泵齿轮端面平面度对出口压力脉动的影响

传统理论分析认为,内啮合泵的出口压力脉动频谱主要集中在齿轮轴的齿数与转速乘积的倍频处,通常处于高频段且幅值较小。然而,在实际工程中发现,泵的出口压力脉动频谱往往在低频段存在较大的幅值,导致了脉动的大幅上升。建立内啮合泵出口压力脉动的集中参数模型,模型考虑了齿轮副的端面平面度误差,进而研究端面平面度误差对泵的内泄漏量及压力脉动的影响。分析结果指出,泵的出口压力脉动包括“小波”和“大波”两种脉动成分;其中,“小波”成分符合传统理论分析,而“大波”成分集中在低频段且主要由齿轮副的端面平面度误差引起。通过对泵出口压力脉动进行试验,这两种脉动成分得到了验证。     

基于MATLAB的无刷直流电机的电流滞环控制仿真

针对无刷直流电机的转矩脉动,采用电流滞环控制来抑制脉动;在Matlab/Simulink环境下,基于直流无刷电机的数学模型、转速和电流双闭环控制策略来建立无刷直流电机电流滞环控制系统的各个独立模块如BLDC本体模块、速度控制模块、电流滞环模块、逆变电路模块、脉冲信号模块等,再进行各功能模块的连接,搭建无刷直流电机的控制系统仿真模型,并在给定参数下进行仿真分析。     

Effects of ferromagnetic components on energetic ion confinement in ITER

By using a fully three dimensional magnetic field orbit-following Monte-Carlo code, the energetic ion confinement was investigated for the current conceptual design of the ferromagnetic components in ITER which will be employed for reducing the toroidal magnetic field (TF) ripple. The ferromagnetic insert is effective in the reference standard scenario with Q = 10 (Scenario No. 2) and steady state scenario with Q = 5 (Scenario No. 4) to improve the energetic ion confinement. Over-compensation appears at half of the full toroidal magnetic field and its effect becomes stronger when the quantity of the ferromagnetic insert is increased in order to more reduce the TF ripple at the full toroidal magnetic field. Though the current design is acceptable, whether to increase the ferromagnetic insert to achieve lower TF ripple amplitude at the full field operation depends on how prospected are possibilities of lower field operations. Planned test blanket modules do not induce large loss (<1%) at the full field in Scenario No. 4. At the half field, however, the loss reaches ∼10% for the alpha particles due to localized large TF ripple.     

UPS中直流电容电压纹波分析与抑制

不带隔离变压器的UPS电源由于其结构简单,成本低,效率高等特点受到了广大UPS用户的欢迎.但是,这种UPS的中间直流环节电容上存在着较大的纹波,它一方面会降低电容的寿命,另一方面也会影响功率因数校正和逆变器输出电压的质量.首先,从理论上详细分析了单相不带隔离变压器的UPS中间直流电容电压纹波产生的机理;然后,提出了一种抑制该电容电压纹波的解决方案,并针对该解决方案进行了理论分析和实验验证.实验表明,理论分析与实验结果完全吻合.     

方波电动机宽调速比控制技术研究

本文就方波无刷直流电动机(BLDCM)的低速脉动性能进行了分析,介绍了一种方波无刷直流电动机宽调速控制方法及主功率电路拓扑工作原理,并给出了转速闭环控制电路,并讨论了影响无刷直流电动机宽调速控制的几个原因。     

EKF直接转矩控制的感应电机状态观测器

针对电机安装速度传感器不便的问题提出了新的转速辩识方法,它从扩展卡尔曼滤波算法原理入手,利用定子侧可测量的电流、电压,推导出一种新的无转速传感器的异步电动机转速、磁链状态观测模型,估算出电机的转速和定子磁链。该算法可以有效地消除纯积分环节存在的问题,同时不会在辨识的磁链中引入幅值和相位误差,保证电机在稳态运行和转速突变情况下磁链辩识的准确性。通过建立Matlab的S函数仿真电机转速和磁链的结果表明,这种方法能有效地解决磁链和转矩的脉动问题,从而实现电机高性能的控制。     

Design and real time implementation of three-phase three switches three levels Vienna rectifier based on intelligent controllers

This paper treats the control of multilevel rectifier by applying the soft computing technique represented by the fuzzy logic. This latest, provides an inexpensive solution for controlling the ill-known complex systems, while relying on the imitation of human reasoning. In our case, the proposed intelligent controller aims at eliminating the current line harmonics, guaranteing an improved power factor, reducing the output voltage ripple and ensuring the balance between the two voltages across the two capacitors of Vienna rectifier. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed control for Vienna rectifier, a comparative study in real time via the dSPACE card 1104 has been carried out between the traditional approach based on the conventional controllers and the new method using an intelligent controller. The experimental results confirm that the modified control approach has guaranteed a good quality of source currents in phase with the grid voltages and operation of the studied system with a power factor very close to unity. Furthermore, only one fuzzy controller used has ensured the regulation of the DC bus voltage, the minimization of the undulations for the two partial voltages and the improvement of the error of the voltage balance for the Vienna rectifier.     

85℃3000小时系列焊片式铝电解电容器的开发研究

该次试验的目的是为了开发出85℃3000小时这种新的系列的焊片式铝电解电容器。为此，对该系列选取了最小电压200V的小容量和大容量，及最大电压450V的小容量和大容量的产品分别进行了设计和开发。开发过程中对阳极箔，阴极箔，电解纸，电解液等原材料进行了分析比较，并将四种设计分别做成产品并测试最薄弱的环节85℃3000小时的纹波电流试验，结果表明该系列的设计能很好地满足电性能要求。