In-situ repair of composite palladium membranes with macro defects: A case study

A new method was developed for repairing Pd/Al₂O₃ membranes with macro defects without the need of disassembling the membrane from the module. In order to target and fill the membrane defect automatically with solid particles, a TiO₂ powder was firstly tested by flowing high-pressure nitrogen as a carrier gas, followed by a heat treatment. A filter cake was found on the membrane defect but still porous. A glass powder was selected instead of TiO₂, and the membrane defect was successfully sealed by glazing. The in-situ repair of a waste commercial Pd/Al₂O₃ membrane separator was carried out with the glass powder, and the hydrogen flux and H₂/N₂ selectivity of the membrane separator at 450 °C under 100 kPa reached 12.6 m³m⁻²h⁻¹ and 1600, respectively.     

不连沟选煤厂降低介耗的措施

结合不连沟选煤厂工艺流程,分析了不连沟选煤厂介耗不稳定的原因。通过加强介质质量管理、改变介质添加方式、调整磁选机磁偏角、减小磁选机滚筒与槽体间隙、提高磁选机精矿挡沿、控制分流量、增加加压泵、清理维护固定筛、调整脱泥筛筛板筛孔尺寸等措施,不连沟选煤厂降低了磁选机尾矿带介量和产品带介损失,有效减少了-3 mm碎煤进入重介系统,减轻了磁选机工作负荷,改善了悬浮液不稳定的情况,有效平稳了合介桶位,分流量得到合理有效的控制。2010年11月—2011年4月,选煤厂介耗由1.26 kg/t降至0.18 kg/t,降低了85.71%。2011年4月,选煤厂介耗降至0.18 kg/t,已低于国内吨原煤消耗的最低值,节省介质费用高达60.6万元。     

成庄矿洗选厂斜轮自动放矸装置的改造应用

针对成庄矿洗选厂原斜轮分选机放矸系统的设计缺陷及运行中存在的问题,如工人劳动强度大、系统运行方式不合理、技术相对落后等,通过对斜轮分选机放矸装置进行技术改造,形成了完善的自动放矸系统。该系统改造主要包括:放矸阀门自动关联互锁控制、介质高效回收、矸石自动排放等,实现了斜轮分选机的定时自动放矸。经过使用验证,此项革新解决了斜轮分选机的放矸问题,年经济效益达到800万元以上,并有效降低了工人的劳动强度。     

Simulation and experimental study of phase segregation in helical pipes: A new method for flow conditioning

The aim of the present study is to contribute some knowledge of phase separation phenomena of gas–liquid turbulent flow in curved pipe and provide a basis for the development of an in-line gas–liquid separator and flow pattern conditioning device. A systematic study of gas–liquid three-phase flow in 3D helical pipes was numerically performed. Gas phase distribution in the flow through the helical pipe was analyzed for various flow parameters conditions and different pipe geometries. Experimental qualitative results show that a helical pipe can, successfully, be used to condition a bubble flow into a stratified (stratified wavy flow). The main idea is to put it just upstream of sensors that are flow regime dependent; ensuring that the sensor, once calibrated to work in this flow pattern, suffers no reduction in its performance and, consequently, avoid additional sources of error.     

The downhole hydrocyclone separator for purifying natural gas hydrate:structure design,optimization, and performance

ABSTRACT

The exploitation efficiency of natural gas hydrate is highly affected by sand production. In this paper, hydrocyclone purification separator was designed. A combination of single factor with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to optimize the structure parameters. The performance of optimized hydrocyclone was also investigated. It shows that the sand separation efficiency increases from 90.4% to 98.7%, and the natural gas hydrate separation efficiency increases from 89.5% to 97.8%. Furthermore, the cut size of sand and natural gas hydrate are as low as 3 and 2 µm, respectively, and separation efficiency remains above 80% under inlet parameters. It can provide some reference for the design and manufacture of the in situ purification separator for gas hydrate mixture slurry.     

AP1000次级汽水分离器分离性能及结构优化的数值研究

建立AP1000次级波纹板汽水分离器内两相流动的数学模型,随后数值模拟波纹板内的两相流动,并分析其分离性能。进而对波纹板结构进行优化,得到具有较高分离效率和较低流动阻力的新型波纹板。首先分别建立波纹板内部蒸汽相和液滴相运动的数学模型。然后通过自编程序与Fluent软件耦合对该两相流动模型数值求解。随后得到波纹板进出口总压降,并通过模拟液滴在波纹板内的运动轨迹,得到波纹板的分离效率和内部液滴湿度分布。进而以分离效率和流动压降为目标优化波纹板结构,设计得到具有较高分离效率和较低流动阻力的新型波纹板。本文提出的数值模拟方法对汽水分离器结构的设计和优化具有较强的指导意义。     

Numerical modeling and simulations of active direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) systems under various ambient temperatures and operating conditions

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are potential candidates for portable backup power generation and auxiliary power units owing to their advantageous features, such as ease of fuel storage and delivery. Optimizing each component of a DMFC system is critical to improving the overall system performance and power density. This paper presents an active DMFC system model, in which a one-dimensional DMFC stack model is combined with major system components, including fuel and water tanks, liquid–gas separator, heat exchangers, pumps, and blowers. The model is implemented using a commercial flow-sheet simulator, ASPEN-HYSYS, and then applied to an active DMFC system to analyze the effects of the DMFC operating parameters and heat management. Special emphasis is placed on establishing active control strategies for the DMFC stack temperature, methanol crossover rate, and water recovery by optimizing the system components and operating conditions. Overall, this study helps identify innovative active DMFC system designs and configurations.     

油气分离器失效分析

通过对油气分离器失效部位进行宏观检查、化学成分分析、金相分析、力学性能测试、断口形貌观察及能谱分析,认为工艺介质中硫化氢浓度的上升和材料纯净度不高是导致设备失效的根本原因,并提出了相应的建议。     

An inorganic membrane as a separator for lithium-ion battery

An Al₂O₃ inorganic separator is prepared by a double sintering process. The Al₂O₃ separator has a high porosity and good mechanical strength. After the liquid electrolyte is infiltrated, the separator exhibits quite high ionic conductivities, and even the conductivity reaches 0.78 mS cm⁻¹ at −20 °C. Furthermore, the inorganic separator has an advantage over the polymer separator in the electrolyte retention. The LiFePO₄/graphite cell using the Al₂O₃ inorganic separator shows higher discharge capacity and rate capability, and better low-temperature performance than that using the commercial polymer separator, which indicates that the Al₂O₃ separator is very promising to be applied in the lithium-ion batteries.