涡流技术在降低水煤浆燃烧产物中有毒物质的应用

为了在试验台和半工业性试验时,确定水煤浆燃烧过程中释放的气体中有害气体的质量浓度,采用涡流燃烧工艺,对水煤浆燃烧时释放气体的成分进行了试验研究。结果表明:采用涡流燃烧工艺,由于化学不完全燃烧减少,气体释放物中的CO含量随燃烧室温度提高而降低,NOx含量甚至低于标准值。这主要是因为涡流燃烧室燃料燃烧温度相对不高;喷射水煤浆的颗粒在燃烧层停留时间长,可以完全燃烧。该水煤浆燃烧工艺可以减少有害物质向大气的释放。     

Geopolymerization reaction,microstructure and simulation of metakaolin-based geopolymers at extended Si/Al ratios

Metakaolin-based geopolymers were synthesized at Si/Al ratios of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1 by using silica fume as silica corrector to alter Si ratios. The microstructure and strength of these geopolymers were characterized through XRD, SEM, NMR and compressive strength measurements. The dissolving rates of Al and Si species in geopolymerization were measured, and freeze-dried N-A-S-H gel was characterized by FTIR spectra. Modelling and simulation were employed to calculate the binding energy of one Si atom and the total energy of geopolymers formed at various Si/Al ratios. At Si/Al ratio of 2:1, high concentrations of Si and Al species are dissolved from precursors, high contents of Si-O-T linkages are formed and the geopolymer is of high compressive strength. The mechanical strength of geopolymers at various Si/Al ratios is dependent on the formation of N-A-S-H gel, rather than the zeolitic nuclei or silicate derivatives. This study might provide fundamentals for the geopolymerization of mine tailings, which usually possess high Si/Al ratios.     

某铜钼尾矿回收长石的试验研究

福建某铜钼矿尾中K_2O质量分数为5.32%,Na_2O质量分数为2.49%,采用碱法工艺代替传统的酸法工艺进行处理回收长石,工艺流程为反浮选云母—反浮选石英—长石粗精矿磁选除铁。试验最终获得长石精矿中K_2O质量分数为7.48%、总回收率为39.89%,Na_2O质量分数为3.91%、总回收率为43.78%。该长石精矿符合玻璃及玻璃制品、陶瓷、磨料等原料标准。     

A Fifty Cent Rheometer for Waste Management of Environmentally Sensitive Ore Tailings

Abstract

Substantial progress has been made recently toward developing environmentally acceptable disposal strategies in the minerals industry. Typically disposal schemes incorporate a mechanical dewatering stage in which the material is concentrated before disposal. At higher concentrations many particulate suspensions will exhibit a yield stress which is of vital importance to the operation of the disposal scheme. The present paper illustrates how the slump test, previously used for determining the empirical flow properties of fresh concrete, has been adopted as a means for accurately measuring the yield stress. The slump test offers a quick and easy way of measuring yield stress without the need for sophisticated electronic equipment, thereby giving plant operators an effective tool for examining yield stress in the field. A simple theoretical model is briefly described and experimental results performed to validate the model.     

Microstructural,hydraulic conductivity and geochemical changes of drying mature fine oil sand tailings in column experiments

This study offers new insights into two-lift deposition of mature fine tailings under atmospheric drying. The interaction of newly added lift and former lift(s) was evaluated using column experiments in terms of volumetric water content, electrical conductivity (EC), hydraulic conductivity, geochemistry and microstructure. Water content and EC followed the same trend and decreasing of water content appears to be responsible for significant reduction in EC. Evaporation on top of the column reduced the water content to almost zero. The obtained results support the coupling between the hydraulic and chemical processes that should be considered by active operators.     

Hope for Animals and Their World: How Endangered Species are Being Rescued from the Wild

The presence of heavy metals in mine tailings poses potential threats to environment and human health. The paper reports an investigation of the effects of initial pH on bioleaching of heavy metals (Cu, Zn and Pb) from mine tailings by indigenous sulphur-oxidising bacteria.     

磷石膏尾矿坝渗流场与稳定性分析

针对大峪口磷石膏尾矿坝的实际情况,设定多种运行工况。运用饱和-非饱和渗流理论,分析磷石膏尾矿坝在各种工况下的渗流场。渗流场分析结果表明,干滩长度变化以及排渗垫层的淤堵程度对浸润线的影响十分明显,干滩长度越长,坝体浸润线越低;排渗垫层淤堵越重,浸润线越高。在渗流场分析的基础上,运用饱和-非饱和边坡稳定性分析方法,对坝体进行稳定性分析,得出不同工况下坝坡的安全系数。坝坡稳定性分析结果表明,在当前实际运行坝高180m时,最小安全系数为2.27,坝体是稳定的。不同工况下的安全系数均满足技术规程的规定。     

Bis(Diphenylcarbamoylmethylphosphine Oxide) Ligand Containing 4, 7, 10 – Trioxatridecane Spacer: Novel Effective Extractant for Actinides and Lanthanides

A novel polydentate neutral organophosphorus ligand 1 containing two Ph₂P(O)CH₂C(O)NH- bidentate moieties connected by a 4, 7, 10 - trioxatridecane spacer through amide nitrogen atoms was synthesized and studied as an extractant for U(VI), Th(IV), and lanthanides(III) ions from HNO₃ solutions. The influence of aqueous and organic phases on the extraction efficiency was elucidated and stoichiometry of the complexes extracted was determined. Bis-CMPO ligand 1 was found to possess a higher extraction efficiency towards U(VI), Th(IV), and lanthanides(III) ions than its mono analog diphenylphosphorylacetic acid N-nonylamide 5 and bis-CMPO ligands containing a di- and a triethylene glycol spacers. The values of D_U, D_Th, and D_Ln for compound 1 are more than two orders of magnitude higher than those for its mono-CMPO analog 5.     

Ce联合Nb/Co改性稀土尾矿催化剂NH3-SCR性能及脱硝机理研究

白云鄂博稀土尾矿含有Fe、Ce等利于催化脱硝的活性元素,作为天然矿物对环境友好且成本低,是做脱硝催化剂的天然原料,但稀土尾矿催化剂温度窗口较窄(350~450℃)。为拓宽稀土尾矿催化剂的温度窗口,用Ce、Nb、Co改性稀土尾矿,采用水热法制备了一系列Ce-M(Nb、Co)改性稀土尾矿催化剂,探究元素比例及元素种类对脱硝性能的影响。通过BET、XRD、XPS、H2-TPR和NH3-TPD对改性稀土尾矿进行表征分析,并利用In situ DRIFTS 技术对Ce-Co改性稀土尾矿的NH3-SCR机理进行了探究。结果显示,Ce-Nb(2:1)改性稀土尾矿在300~400℃脱硝效率最高为85%,Ce-Co(2:1)改性稀土尾矿在250~400℃脱硝效率能够达到90%。Nb和Co的加入提高了催化剂表面CeCO3F的分散度,暴露更多活性吸附位点。同时,元素之间的相互作用促进了电子的转移,Nb5+的形成阻碍了Ce4+的还原,调节了氧化还原性能,使得Ce-Nb改性稀土尾矿具有优异的N2选择性。而Co的加入提高了催化剂氧化还原能力,使得Co3+增加,进而提高Br?nsted酸性位的吸附强度,NH4+及Co3+-NH2能够首先与NO反应,形成NH3HNO及NH2NO等中间产物,催化剂表面同时遵循E-R机理和L-H机理,E-R机理占主导。     

冻融循环作用下尾矿坝的力学响应特征

寒区冻融环境条件下,尾矿砂的冻融、缩胀、损伤破坏给寒区尾矿坝工程造成极大的危害。为探究冻融循环作用下尾矿坝变形规律,揭示其变形机制。采用自主设计的尾矿坝相似模型试验装置,开展不同冻结温度(-5、-25、-45℃)条件下,尾矿坝的变形规律模型试验。借助土压力、激光位移、孔隙水压力传感器,采用动态数据采集仪采集相关数据,分析冻融循环过程中尾矿坝各关键位置应力、变形、孔隙水压力的动态变化规律。试验结果表明:坝体内应力随冻结温度的降低而增大,在冻融循环前期,尾矿坝各关键位置应力增长速度明显高于冻融循环其他阶段。坝体内孔隙水压力随冻结温度的降低而减小,坝体越深,孔隙水压力的变化幅度越大,周期性更强,也更具有规律性。冻结温度具有明显的位置效应,越靠近尾矿坝边缘,坝体变形量越大,变形速度越快。