宜章县同高铅锌矿尾矿回收利用研究

针对宜章同高铅锌矿尾矿的回收利用的研究,论文进行了尾矿储量、尾矿库废水性质、尾矿化学成分分析、尾矿中银矿物的物相分析、尾矿浮选探索试验、二次尾矿重选铅的试验、技术路线研究和流程综合设计的研究工作,最后达到铅锌尾矿最终选矿目标。     

炼焦煤尾煤热重动力学分析及热解产氢

基于热重分析和固定床热解实验,研究了升温速率和温度对高矿物质含量的炼焦煤尾煤热解特性的影响. 尾煤热解过程可分为室温至400, 400~600及600~950℃三个阶段. 尾煤与焦煤热解曲线基本吻合,尾煤热解特征温度略向高温区推移. 采用Coats-Redfern积分法拟合计算了尾煤热解的动力学参数,得出反应活化能为22.6~66.2 kJ/mol,热解过程可用3个二级反应描述. 30 g尾煤固定床实验结果表明,氢气在低于400℃析出很少,400~600℃缓慢析出,之后随温度升高析出增加,600℃后大量析出,900℃左右达到最大析出量. 终温950℃时,30 g尾煤热解产气4300 mL,氢气产量1722 mL;焦煤产气7950 mL,氢气产量2716 mL. 尾煤热解富氢气体产量达焦煤热解气产量的54%,具有较高的再利用价值.     

铜冶炼尾矿砂在污酸废水中固氟除氟的研究

介绍了某铜冶炼厂利用炉渣选铜后产生的尾矿砂对污酸废水进行除氟的试验情况,确定了最佳溶解条件和尾矿砂添加量.该冶炼厂将尾矿砂溶解于含氟污酸中,降低污酸中氟离子的腐蚀活性,并强化废水处理工序的絮凝沉降效果.试验表明:尾矿砂最佳溶解温度为50~60℃,溶解时间为1.0 h,尾矿砂最佳溶解粒径为300~400目,添加量为2.5~3.0 g/L.通过高氟污酸溶解尾矿砂,模拟现有污酸废水全流程处理工艺,中和上清液中ρ(F)在20~25 mg/L,除氟效果较为明显.     

影响干式磁选机在石英除铁过程中的因素研究

本文通过对陕西某地石英矿进行干式磁选试验研究,介绍了给料速度、尾矿抛尾率、矿样含水率及含泥量等几个因素对干式磁选作用的影响,分析了干式磁选各因素在石英除铁过程中的规律,为后续工业应用提供一定的理论基础。     

不同干密度尾矿料压缩特性探究

为研究不同干密度尾矿料的压缩特性,采用筛分法将尾矿料分别配制成不同干密度的尾矿砂及尾矿土,进行渗透、压缩试验。试验表明:尾矿砂的沉降主要发生在施加荷载的早期阶段,且沉降量较大。压缩模量随着干密度的增大而增大,压缩系数随着干密度的增大而减小,在相同压力增量下,尾矿土的压缩性更强。     

磁性交联壳聚糖对水溶液中铀(Ⅵ)离子的吸附行为

采用纳米Fe₃O₄作为磁流体包埋、戊二醛和硫脲进行交联壳聚糖,制备磁性交联壳聚糖（TTG-MCTS）。红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线能谱（EDS）分析结果表明,壳聚糖改性后,吸附能力得到提高,铀(Ⅵ)成功地被吸附在TTG-MCTS上。系统研究了溶液pH值、铀(Ⅵ)初始浓度及振荡时间对吸附容量的影响,继而得到最佳工艺条件。吸附过程用Langmuir等温式拟合优于用Freundlich等温式,最大吸附容量为161.3 mg·g^-1。较之拟一级动力学模型,拟二级动力学模型能更好地拟合实验数据。     

三江云南段燕山期花岗岩地球化学特征与铀成矿潜力分析

在系统研究三江云南段燕山期花岗岩岩石地球化学特征基础上,将相关岩体的岩体地质与地球化学特征与华南产铀花岗岩的进行对比,进而对三江云南段燕山期花岗岩的铀成矿潜力进行讨论。结果表明,三江云南段燕山期花岗岩具有富硅、富碱、铝过饱和、低钙、低暗色组分等特征,与华南产铀花岗岩的特征相似,成矿条件较好,具有一定的铀成矿前景。     

Water soluble polymeric nanofibres for rapid flocculation and enhanced dewatering of mature fine tailings

Water-soluble polymer flocculants have been used to efficiently release entrapped water in oil sands tailings by bridging fine particles to create large heavier flocs which can then settle faster and release water more efficiently. Due to their initial interaction with the fine particles suspended in tailings, polymer nanofibres may perform better than their parent polymers because of the entire surface of the nanofibres being fully accessible to the fine particles. In this work, commercially available poly(acrylamide-co-diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) was chosen as a basis for this study. Initial settling rate, supernatant turbidity, water recovery, capillary suction time, and solids content were measured to determine the effect of polymer nanofibres on solid-liquid separation. The solid forms of the polymer (either as nanofibre or powder) perform better than the polymer solution in each test, with optimum dosages of 5 wt% mature fine tailings (MFT) loading. Nanofibres could achieve settling rates of 60 m/h, while the other forms were only able to achieve 42 m/h. Additionally, the turbidity of the supernatant obtained after flocculation with nanofibres was 15 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), while the polymer solution and powder produced turbidites of 162 NTU and 70 NTU, respectively. In addition, polymer nanofibres and powders generated larger flocs compared to the polymer solution, which produced small, homogenized flocs.     

Interaction of lanthanide and actinide with BaHfO3 perovskite: A case study with cerium and uranium

Speciation of actinide (An) and lanthanide (Ln) in technologically important ceramics is very important from both fundamental as well as technological aspects. The intrinsic structural flexibility of perovskite containing AO₆ and BO₁₂ polyhedra makes them suitable and rich hosts for An and Ln. In this work, emphasis was given to deciphering information such as oxidation state, local dopant site, charge compensating defects, excited state kinetics, and so forth in BaHfO₃ (BHO) related to dopant uranium (BHO-U) and cerium (BHO-Ce). Several spectroscopic techniques namely, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), positron annihilation lifetime spectra (PALS), and thermoluminescence (TL) spectroscopy coupled with density functional theory (DFT) were employed to probe the same. Ce and U though are distributed at both Ba and Hf sites, Ce prefers the former, while U prefers the latter site. Uranium on the other hand stabilizes as U⁶⁺ in the form of octahedral uranate ion giving green emission. PALS suggested the formation of defects in BHO-Ce and BHO-U with oxygen vacancies predominating in the former whereas BHO-U perovskites are loaded with cation vacancies and vacancy clusters. These cation vacancies are responsible for lower TL output in BHO-U. TL measurements also suggested cerium doping leads to a higher density of deeper traps in BHO-Ce compared to uranium doping in BHO-U which is in concurrence with DFT results and may have implications in designing afterglow phosphors based on perovskite. We believe this work would have a long-term impact on exploring the potential of perovskite for nuclear waste host and afterglow phosphors applications.     

氰化尾渣矿浆电解液中铁离子的萃取富集

采用二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(P204)-磺化煤油萃取体系从高硫酸氰化尾渣矿浆电解液中富集铁离子,重点研究了P204浓度、相比(O/A)、振荡时间、振荡频率及温度等对Fe³⁺萃取率的影响及其萃取过程。研究表明,在P204体积分数为25%、电解液pH为1.5、温度25℃、O/A=1∶1、振荡时间10 min、振荡频率180r/min的条件下,电解液中Fe³⁺的单级萃取率可达97.73%以上,饱和萃取容量可达到21.57g/L。Fe³⁺在有机相中的萃取富集主要归因于其与P204分子结构中羟基的阳离子交换反应以及磷酰基的配位反应,形成的配合物为FeSO₄A(HA)₃与FeA₃(HA)₃。在草酸1mol/L、O/A=1∶1、振荡时间10min、振荡频率190r/min的条件下,负载有机相中Fe³⁺的单级反萃率可达82.64%以上,反萃液中铁主要以[Fe(C₂O₄)_3<...