Annealing Study on Neutron Irradiation Effects in Resonance Frequencies of Zircaloy Plates by EMAR Method

To develop the nondestructive hydrogen concentration measurement method for the irradiated zirconium alloy, the effect of neutron irradiation damage on acoustic properties obtained by the electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR) method was investigated through annealing tests. It is confirmed that the recovery of irradiation damage begins at a lower annealing temperature than that in unirradiated coldworked materials. Unirradiated recrystallization-annealed materials did not show any change in acoustic properties or hardness during the additional RX annealing at 580°C, whereas the acoustic anisotropy (Δf) of the as-cold-worked unirradiated specimen was significantly increased. Four-cycle irradiation clearly decreased the shear wave velocity of the specimen by 1% compared to the RX-annealed specimen. In comparison with the wave velocity change, the acoustic parameters defined in this study are found to be less sensitive to irradiation damage. From the annealing study of the as-irradiated specimens to the RX condition, it is concluded that the absolute value of (Δf) increases by 0.1% and the frequency ratio (fl/fr) by about 0.006 as a result of the damage induced by the four-cycle irradiation in BWRs. These values are applicable to the relationships between the acoustic parameters and hydrogen concentrations of unirradiated materials as the correction factors to compensate the effects of irradiation damage.     

Extraction of U（VI） and Th（IV） with a novel extractant N,N‘—tetrahexylmalonamide （THMA） in toluene

The dependence of THMA extraction behaviour for U(VI) and Th(IV) on nitric acid concentration,THMA concentratioin and molecular structure of extracted complex has been studied.For nitric acid solutions of 3.0 mol/L a coordinative mechanism may possibly dominate in the extraction of metal catioins,The complex composition of UO2(NO3)2(THMA)2,Th(NO3)4(THMA)2 and Th(NO3)4(THMA03 are proved.     

Re-evaluation of the phase relationship between plutonium and zirconium dioxides

The phase relationship between ZrO₂ and PuO₂ was examined in a low PuO₂ content region, from 3.1 to 11.2 mol% PuO₂, at temperatures between 1273 K and 1473 K, by high temperature X-ray diffractometry. The measurements were carried out in air. At 1273 K, the samples in this composition range consisted of two phases, monoclinic and cubic. Another phase, tetragonal, was observed at 1373 K. The low temperature monoclinic phase disappeared at 1473 K. It was confirmed that the monoclinic phase disappears around 1463 K; the disappearance temperature does not depend on the composition of the sample. It was, thus, inferred that there should be a eutectoid line in the phase diagram. Though the eutectoid point is not clear, the PuO₂ content at the point should be less than 3.1 mol%.     

微量Zr添加对Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B钢晶粒长大倾向性的影响

设计了一种低碳Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-Zr-B钢,经热处理工艺,采用中等冷速冷却,可得到以板条贝氏体为主,含粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体的混合组织,轧态屈服强度大于850MPa,达到X120管线钢的强度要求.TEM观察表明,0.015%Zr(质量分数)添加到钢中形成大量含Zr的复杂的碳氮化物,它们的形状不规则,尺寸约为80~200nm;从形态看,它们在高温形成,并且由于其熔点高,再加热到1200℃时,这种析出物中的Ti、Nb会有部分溶解,使其尺寸有所减小,利于控制奥氏体晶粒长大;其他近椭球形的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)则在加热时逐渐溶解直至消失.由于这种含Zr析出物在钢的基体中均匀分布,加热到高温时,它们会明显阻碍晶界移动,从而使含Zr钢的奥氏体晶粒长大倾向性明显比不含Zr钢小.可见,添加微量Zr能够起到提高钢材焊接性能的作用.     

The Generation of Nitric Oxide from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2: The Role of Dietary Nitrates and Their Implication in Cardiovascular Disease Management

Reduced bioavailability of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling molecule has been associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. One of the better-known and effective therapies for cardiovascular disorders is the use of organic nitrates, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), which increases the concentration of NO. Unfortunately, chronic use of this therapy can induce a phenomenon known as “nitrate tolerance”, which is defined as the loss of hemodynamic effects and a reduction in therapeutic effects. As such, a higher dosage of GTN is required in order to achieve the same vasodilatory and antiplatelet effects. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a cardioprotective enzyme that catalyzes the bio-activation of GTN to NO. Nitrate tolerance is accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic activation, as well as a loss of the catalytic activity of ALDH2 itself. On the basis of current knowledge, nitrate intake in the diet would guarantee a concentration of NO such as to avoid (or at least reduce) treatment with GTN and the consequent onset of nitrate tolerance in the course of cardiovascular diseases, so as not to make necessary the increase in GTN concentrations and the possible inhibition/alteration of ALDH2, which aggravates the problem of a positive feedback mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize data relating to the introduction into the diet of some natural products that could assist pharmacological therapy in order to provide the NO necessary to reduce the intake of GTN and the phenomenon of nitrate tolerance and to ensure the correct catalytic activity of ALDH2.     

硝酸铵废水深度处理技术

针对目前用电渗析法处理硝酸铵废水的现象,提出以电去离子处理作为硝酸铵废水深度处理,弥补现有电渗析处理的不足,达到硝酸铵废水处理系统＂零排放＂,做到废水资源化利用,硝酸铵和水全部回收。这种改良型电渗析处理方法,除可使浓水中氨氮的质量分数达10%以上外,系统出水氨氮的质量浓度小于或等于5 mg/L。     

Effect of Ionic Substitution on the Thermal Expansion of ZrTiO4

New oxide compounds with α-PbO₂ structure have been synthesized by solid-state reactions. These are derived from ZrTiO₄ and HfTiO₄ by a different kind of ionic substitution. The thermal expansion behavior of these phases was investigated by means of a dilatometer and an X-ray heating diffractometer. These measurements revealed rather low expansion for some of the Zr(Me³⁺/Me⁵⁺)O₄, solid solutions. This behavior is attributed to their high expansion anisotropy, which leads to extended formation of microcracks.     

Biocompatibility of Lithium Disilicate and Zirconium Oxide Ceramics with Different Surface Topographies for Dental Implant Abutments

Gingivafibroblasts were cultured on lithium disilicate, on zirconia dioxide, and on titanium with two different surface roughnesses (0.2 µm and 0.07 µm); Proliferation (MTT), Living/Dead staining, cytotoxicity (LDH), proliferation (FGF2), and inflammation (TNFα) were analyzed after 1 day and 21 days. Furthermore, alteration in cell morphology (SEM) was analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed by a Kruskal–Wallis test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. There were no distinct differences in cellular behavior between the tested roughness. There were slight differences between tested materials. Cells grown on zirconia dioxide showed higher cytotoxic effects. Cells grown on lithium disilicate showed less expression of TNFα compared to those grown on zirconia dioxide or titanium. These effects persisted only during the first time span. The results indicate that the two tested high-strength ceramics and surface properties are biologically suitable for transmucosal implant components. The findings may help clinicians to choose the most appropriate biomaterial as well as the most appropriate surface treatment to use in accordance with specific clinical dental applications.     

硝酸铈铵绿色化学工艺与传统工艺的对比

从原子经济性出发,对以碳酸铈为原料合成硝酸铈铵的绿色化学工艺与传统工艺进行了对比.与传统工艺相比,绿色化学工艺的原子利用率提高30.01个百分点,原子效率因子提高24.44个百分点.     

Electrodeposition of silver from nitrate solution: Part II. Mechanism of the effect of phosphate ions

The mechanism of compact Ag-film formation by electrolysis from nitrate solution with addition of small amounts of phosphate ions is elucidated. It is shown that the phosphate ions exert their effect by lowering the exchange current density. Consequently, the radii of nucleation exclusion zones also diminishes, thus producing conditions stimulating electrodeposition of continuous thin Ag-film.