Purification and characterization of extracellular chitinase from a novel strain Aspergillus fumigatus CS-01

Twelve samples derived from different locations in south central area of China are treated by enrichment and spread-plate technique for initial screening. Seven chitinase-producing strains are isolated. The chitinase present in the culture supernatant of strain CS-01 possesses the maximum activity of 0.118 U/mL. Analysis of the morphological feature and the ITS rDNA sequence reveals that strain CS-01 belongs to Aspergillus fumigatus. Production of the chitinase is regulated by a inducible way and the maximum activity appears at 36 h in colloidal chitin culture. Purification of the chitinase is carried out by salting out, gel filtrate chromatography and anion exchange chromatography sequentially. Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE indicate that the chitinase from A. fumigatus CS-01 is a monomer with the relative molecular mass estimated to be 4.50×10⁴. Its maximum activity appears at pH 5 and 55 °C. The chitinase is stable at pH 4.0–7.5 and below 45 °C. Foundation item: Projects(50621063, 50674101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Failure mode and strength anisotropic characteristic of stratified rock mass under uniaxial compressive situation

A stratified rock mass model was founded by FLAC^3D. The failure mode and anisotropic characteristic of strength for stratified rock mass were analyzed. The analysis results show that the numerical simulation can visually reflect the failure modes of rock samples under different inclination angles β of structural plane. The stiffness of rock sample before peak strength changes in the compressive procedure. With the increase of β, the compressive strength σ _c of rock sample decreases firstly and then increases; when β is in the range of 20°–30° and 80°–90°, σ _c has the largest sensitivity to β; while β falls in the range of 30°–70°, σ _c varies little. When ϕ _j <β<90° (β _j is friction angle of structure plane), the results obtained from numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are in almost the same values; while β⩽ ϕ _j or β=90°, they are in great different values. The results obtained from theoretical analysis are obvious larger than those from numerical simulation; and the results from numerical simulation can reflect the difference of compressive strength of rock samples for the two situations of β⩾ ϕ _j and β=90°, which is in more accordance with the real situation. Foundation item: Project (50099620) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Preparation and sintering of nano Fe coated Si3N4 composite powders

Fe/Si₃N₄ composite powder was synthesized by the heterogeneous precipitation-thermal reduction process, and then pressed into flakes under a pressure of 10 MPa. Flakes were sintered by pressureless and hot-pressing at 1 600 °C under 0.1 MPa N₂. The chemical composition, phases and microstructure of composite powder and sintered flakes were investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the structure of composite powders is Si₃N₄ coated by nano Fe. The crystal phases of sintered flakes by pressureless are Fe(Si) compound, SiC and Si₃N₄. The crystal phases of the sintered samples by hot-pressing are Fe, Fe(Si) compound and Si₃N₄. It is found that crystal phases flakes obtained by pressureless and hot-pressing are very different. Foundation item: Project(50804016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

基于高速摄像机的电磁电器动态特性测试及其图像处理的研究

为了研究电磁电器动态特性测试的新方法,以智能交流接触器为例拍摄了智能交流接触器的动态过程,对采集的接触器触头、铁心等动态位移图像进行处理,然后应用二进小波多层多尺度分解完成降噪处理,此外本文采用样条求导方式对运动速度进行软测量,从而获得智能交流接触器的真实动态特性,介绍了电磁电器动态特性测试装置与数据处理新方法。该研究采用非接触测试方式,进行图像拍摄与降噪处理,实现了电磁电器动态过程全面、高速与准确的测量,为加快电磁电器产品的研究开发奠定基础。     

Fault location for parallel transmission lines using one-terminal current traveling waves

With proper phase module transformation,parallel lines can be decomposed to the same directional net and the reverse directional net. The propagation characteristics of traveling waves in the reverse directional net were analyzed,and the refraction coefficient at the fault point for a single phase fault was derived. In addition,the module selection was discussed. Simulation results show that satisfying accuracy can be achieved with the proposed method. Moreover,it is immune to fault types,fault resistances,and outside system parameters.     

负荷电压静特性模型对潮流计算的影响分析

在实际系统运行中,采用合理的负荷电压特性模型能较准确地反映电网的潮流分布状况。基于节点负荷的取用功率是其电压的函数,提出采用两种负荷电压静态特性模型,针对不同负荷电压静态特性模型的系数对潮流计算结果的影响,对比分析各关系曲线的斜率从而确定选择负荷电压静态特性模型。所得结果可为电压敏感性负荷的潮流计算提供参考。     

＂Nonlinear＂ characteristics of the static earth pressure coefficient in thick alluvium

Exact calculations of the static earth pressure from a thick alluvium require accurate K0 values. These calculations influence the sinking cost and the safety of the freezing method. The static earth pressure coefficient (K0) of thick and deep soil was analyzed using laboratory tests. The results show that the static earth pressure coefficient of thick and deep soils is nonlinear and different from that of superficial soils. The constant of superficial soils is usually invariant and the total stress or incremental stress definitions used in traditional geo-mechanics give the same value. The influence of load increments when calculating for superficial soil is ignored. The difference in values of K0 for thick alluvium defined by the total stress or the incremental stress methods is over 10%. The effects of the thick alluvium on K0 should be considered during the design of frozen shaft projects. Such things as the frozen shaft thickness and the excavated section height should be chosen to assure the rationality of the design and to avoid potential faults and accidents.     

Chaotic characteristics of electromagnetic emission signals during deformation and fracture of coal

Electromagnetic emission (EME) is a kind of physical phenomenon accompanying the process of deformation and frac-ture of loaded coal and rock and it is of importance in quantitatively analyzing its characteristics. This will reveal the process of deformation and fracture of coal and predicting dynamic disasters in coal mines. In this study, the G-P (Grassberger and Procaccia) algorithm, calculation steps of the (if only 1 dimension) correlation dimension of time series and the identification standards of chaotic signals are introduced. Furthermore, the correlation dimensions of EME and the acoustic emission (AE) signals of time series during deformation and fracture of coal bodies are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the time series of pulses number of EME and the time series of AE count rate are chaotic and that the saturation embedding dimensions of a K3 coal sample are, respectively, 5 and 6. The results can be used to provide basic parameters for predicting of EME and AE time series.     

基于ANSYS的大电机转子振动特性分析

作为大电机系统中的关键部件,转子的振动特性直接关系到电机工作性能的优劣。为获得转子的振动特性,从转子动力学基本理论出发,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了转子系统的固有频率和振型,对转子结构进行了模态分析,计算出了转子前20阶模态的固有频率,并得到了转子的临界转速,找出了影响转子动力学特性的主要因素,为设计转子的理想工作转速和提高转子的振动特性提供依据。     

景观桥钢箱梁加固方案的设计计算及比较分析

对某景观桥进行了检测评定,提出了3种加固方案,并采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了桥梁上部结构模型以及3种加固方案的模型,其中加固方案模型建立于根据静载试验数据修正后的模型之上;利用该模型进行了设计荷载工况下的静力分析和模态分析,并根据计算结果比较了3种加固方案以及参数变化对桥梁挠度、支座区最大等效应力、极限承栽力以及动力特性的影响。结果表明：综合采用加固方案1和加固方案3是比较合理的。