New hydrogels based on maleilated collagen with potential applications in tissue engineering

New hydrogels based on maleic anhydride (MA) modified collagen were prepared with the aim of overcoming the high degradation rate displayed by collagen that is not otherwise chemically crosslinked. Semi-interpenetrated matrices were obtained by free radical polymerization of maleilated collagen (CM) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as initiating system. The resulting matrices (CMH) had a sharp decrease in degradation, when compared to pure collagen. FTIR and H¹ NMR spectroscopies were used to confirm the incorporation of MA on the collagen peptide chains. The final composition of CMH was found to be strongly dependent by the concentration of maleilated collagen. The morphology of the hydrogels was studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the macro-gel structure was confirmed. Water uptake of the synthetised hydrogels is influenced by both composition and the porosity of the matrices.     

Single-molecule conductance of π-conjugated rotaxane: new method for measuring stipulated electric conductance of π-conjugated molecular wire using STM break junction

An electronic conductance with small fluctuations, which is stipulated in single-molecule junctions, is necessary for the precise control of single-molecule devices. However, the suppression of conductance fluctuations in conventional molecular junctions is intrinsically difficult because the fluctuations are related to the contact fluctuations and molecular motion. In the present study involving experimental and theoretical investigations, it is found that covering a single π-conjugated wire with an α-cyclodextrin molecule is a promising technique for suppressing conductance fluctuations. The conductance histogram of the covered molecular junction measured with the scanning tunneling microscope break-junction technique shows that the conductance peak for the covered junction is sharper than that of the uncovered junction. The covering technique thus has two prominent effects: the suppression of intramolecular motion, and the elimination of intermolecular interactions. Theoretical calculations of electronic conductance clearly support these experimental observations.     

时效温度对马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr15Ni5WMoVNb力学性能的影响

0Cr15Ni5WMoVNb钢(%:0.068C、14.54Cr、5.32Ni、0.88W、0.92Mo、0.20V、0.10Nb)经5 t中频感应炉+2 t真空电渣重熔炉冶炼,经锻造、热轧成Φ45 mm棒材,试样经1 000℃30 min固溶空冷+-70℃2 h冷处理后进行400～600℃4 h时效空冷。试验结果表明,在450℃时效0Cr15Ni5WMoVNb钢的强度最大,以准解理断裂为主,冲击功低为40 J,随时效温度上升,冲击功显著上升,强度下降,在510℃时效该钢有良好的强韧性,抗拉强度R_m 1300 MPa,屈服强度R_(p0.2)1100 MPa,冲击能A_(KV) 100 J。     

基因选择的0-1规划模型和算法

基因选择是基因表达数据分析中的重点问题.然而现有的方法没有综合考虑样本不平衡和基因间的相互作用。借鉴聚类的验证技术提出了基因选择的0-1规划模型,同时考虑了样本不平衡和基因间的相互作用。进一步根据0-1规划模型的特点,给出了基于贪心思想的启发式算法来求解所提出的优化问题。在3个真实的基因表达数据上对提出的方法进行测试并与两个对照的方法比较,结果表明所提出模型和算法是有效的且稳健的。     

Evolution of the optical transitions in AlxGa1 − xAs/GaAs quantum well structures grown on GaAs buffers with different surface treatments by molecular beam epitaxy

Al_0.3Ga_0.7As/GaAs Quantum Well structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a 500 nm thick GaAs buffer layer subjected to the following surface processes: a) in-situ Cl₂ etching at 70 °C and 200 °C, b) air-exposure for 30 min. The characteristics of these samples were compared to those of a continuously grown sample with no processing (control sample). We obtained the quantum wells energy transitions using photoreflectance spectroscopy as a function of the temperature (8-300 K), in the range of 1.2 to 2.1 eV. The sample etched at 200 °C shows a larger intensity of the quantum well peaks in comparison to the others samples. We studied the temperature dependence of the excitonic energies in the quantum wells (QWs) as well as in GaAs using three different models; the first one proposed by Varshni [4], the second one by Viña et al. [5], and the third one by Pässler and Oelgart [6]. The Pässler model presents the best fitting to the experimental data.     

Test results after refurbish of cryogenic system for smiles

Superconducting Sub-millimeter-wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) is to be operated aboard the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) in 2009. SMILES uses two superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixers for sub-millimeter-wave atmospheric observation and they are cooled to 4 K levels by a cryogenic system with a two-stage Stirling cooler, a Joule-Thomson (JT) cycle cooler and a cryostat composed of three stages. Two-stage Stirling cooler precools the JT circuit and also cools radiation shields in the cryostat. JT circuit has three tube-in-tube type heat exchangers and an orifice for JT expansion in the cryostat. The cryogenic system is built, tested and delivered.     

Crack path in torsion loading in very high cycle fatigue regime

Torsion fatigue tests have been conducted at 20 kHz ultrasonic fatigue testing systems, and compared to the torsion fatigue data generated on 35 Hz conventional fatigue test machine to determine if there are any frequency effects, for steels including D38MSV5S steel and 100C6 steel. Results indicated that the S-N curves exhibit decrease in fatigue strength beyond 10⁷ cycles. The initiation in the Gigacycle regime is related to defects sometimes located beneath the surface which shows a competition between the maximum shear at the surface and the stress concentration under the surface, even in torsion.     

0-1背包问题的预期效率和线性拟合求解

为了进一步优化0-1背包问题的解,就背包容量、物体个数、物体重量、物体价格和物体性价比之间的关系进行深入的分析研究,构建了一个基于数学理论的线性拟合模型,与预期效率相结合,给出了一个解决0-1背包问题的混合算法。给出了三组实验,测试ρ<0.7时的算例,当背包容量改变时,与萤火虫群算法相比,该算法提高了目标函数值的收敛速度,同时节省了存储空间;与单纯的预期效率算法相比,该算法能够求得最优解,而单纯的预期效率算法则不能。实验结果表明,预期效率和线性拟合混合算法具有合理性及准确性,该算法能够应用于解决实际的0-1背包问题。     

一种用于求解0-1背包问题的动态伸缩算法

针对0-1背包这个非确定多项式（NP）完全难题,提出一种新的启发式搜索算法来解决0-1背包问题。算法采用多维实数编码,将物品按价值/重量比从大到小排序装包,通过用启发式策略选择交换背包内和背包外物品的位置,采用动态伸缩策略调整背包大小,选取种群中部分优秀解进入下一代继续进行优化。通过5个背包实例进行测试,实验结果表明该算法收敛速度快、求解精度高,并且具有良好的稳定性。     

Ground truth study on fractal dimension of color images of similar texture

Fractal dimension (FD) estimation has become most popular in the field of image analysis and applications; especially estimating the roughness and smoothness of complex objects. In this present investigation, we are considering three most popular methods in the controlled images acquisition experimental setup for eight colored fabrics of the same texture, material property, and illumination. The concept of previous work and the results obtained by this ground truth experiment were discussed to indicate whether FD might be a worth useful metric for the study of color images with self-similarity, such as textures! Interestingly, we found ambiguous FD results here and tried to explain such phenomenon in relation to the development of CIE-based human perception model as texture perception are well associated with the viewing parameters and observer that perceives the image in terms of spatial distribution of color intensity.