热处理工艺对Heusler型Ni2MnGa合金马氏体相变的影响

采用电弧熔炼法熔炼Ni48Mn31Ga21和Ni50Mn255Ga25两种合金,并对这两种合金进行了热处理,借助交流磁化率测定、金相显微镜观察、X射线衍射等手段研究了热处理工艺条件对非化学计量比的Ni48Mn31Ga21合金马氏体相变和结构有序度的影响.结果表明(1)Ni48Mn31Ga21合金相变特征温度为Ms=305K,Mf=297K,As=313K,Af=318K,居里温度Tc=366K;(2)与空冷态相比,淬火态的马氏体转变量降低,经过400℃退火后,随着保温时间t的延长,马氏体转变量上升,当t=50h时达到最大值;(3)Ni48Mn31Ga21合金经过900℃×4d+400℃×50h热处理后,有序度明显提高.     

AZ31镁合金无氰化学镀镍工艺的研究

研究了在AZ31镁合金表面二次浸锌后直接进行化学镀镍的工艺。分析了pH、温度、镍离子质量浓度和次磷酸钠质量浓度对镀速的影响,并测试了镀层的结合力、表面形貌、成分含量和耐蚀性。结果表明,以二次浸锌法进行预处理,无需氰化镀铜打底;在pH为7,碱式碳酸镍质量浓度25g/L,次磷酸钠质量浓度30g/L时,镀速有最大值;AZ31镁合金化学镀镍后耐蚀性明显提高,腐蚀电位从-1.52V提高到-0.55V;化学镀镍的优化参数为15g/L碱式碳酸镍,25g/L次磷酸钠,pH为6,温度82℃。     

电场对AZ31B/Al扩散结合界面结构及力学性能的影响

应用电场激活扩散连接技术(FADB)进行AZ31B与铝的固相连接,研究电场条件下结合界面快速形成的微观结构及其力学性能。采用OM、SEM、EDS及XRD等分析扩散溶解层的微观组织、成分分布和剪切断口形貌及相组成,并利用显微硬度计和微机控制电子万能试验机对接头界面扩散区显微硬度和接头抗剪强度进行分析。研究结果表明,激活电流降低扩散界面金属化合物生成的激活能,促进Mg-Al间的扩散反应,形成的梯度扩散溶解层对提高接头抗剪切强度有显著影响。在温度为450℃,时间为50 min,电流密度为80 A/cm2时,过渡层宽度达120μm,接头抗剪强度最大值35 MPa。     

三倍体毛白杨KP法蒸煮中木素结构的变化

以三倍体毛白杨为研究对象,进行了常规硫酸盐法蒸煮。采用酶-弱酸解两段法分别从原料和KP纸浆中分离出原料木素和纸浆残余木素。采用酸析法从KP蒸煮黑液中分离出溶出木素样品,经过弱酸水解得到纯木素试样。通过凝胶渗透色谱分析(GPC),对所有试样分别进行了分子质量的检测,得出各种木素样品的分子质量及其分布,分析了木素溶出过程中的分子质量的变化。通过磷谱核磁共振31P-NMR技术得出木素结构谱图,对原料木素、纸浆残余木素和黑液溶出木素结构中各官能团进行了定量分析对比,研究了木素结构在KP蒸煮过程中的变化规律。     

4种电力衍生产品定价方法分析

随着电力市场的出现,电力衍生产品逐步成为电力交易的主要形式之一。由于电力不能大规模储存,作为现代金融工程理论核心的无套利定价原理对大多数电力衍生产品定价不再适用。文中采用Black-76公式和仿射跳跃-扩散电价模型研究了电力期货／远期、期货期权、单点期权以及摇摆期权等奇异期权的定价问题,提出了一种新的电力衍生产品风险中性概率框架,并根据德国EEX电力市场实际价格,利用解析及Monte Carlo方法给出了若干常见电力衍生产品的实际定价算例。计算表明,所提出的电力衍生产品定价方法具有完备的理论基础,能够解决各类常见电力衍生产品定价问题。     

快速捷变频率合成器的研制

本文介绍一种低杂散低相噪快速捷变频率合成器的实现途径，该合成器采用直接数字频率合成芯片(AD9852)加倍频的方案。为提高频率捷变速度和输出频率精度，采用TI公司的TMS320C31作为控制电路，捷变频时间小于200ns，相位噪声小于—124dBc/Hz/1kHz。     

不同取样方向AZ31B镁合金应变率效应

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆获得了冲击压缩方向与热轧态A231B镁合金板材法向分别成90°、45°及0°的动态应力一应变曲线,利用光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜对微观组织演化过程进行了分析。结果表明：应变率约为1 200 s-1,压缩方向与板面法向成90°时,孪晶的面积分数随应变量的增大逐渐增加,孪生是主要变形机制,其曲线为凹型;压缩方向与板面法向成45°及0°时,其塑性变形以位错滑移为主,曲线形状分别为近似线型和凸型;应变率约为2 800 s-1,压缩方向与板面法向成90°时,孪晶面积分数迅速增加,大多数晶粒取向发生7改变,有利于滑移,其曲线由较低应变率的凹形变为凸型。     

Use of a new milk-clotting protease from Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31 as coagulant and changes during ripening of Prato cheese

Prato cheeses were manufactured using coagulant from Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31 or a commercial coagulant. Cheeses were characterised using the following analysis: yield; fat; acidity; moisture; ash; salt; pH; total nitrogen; total protein; NS-pH 4.6/NT*100; NS-TCA 12%/NT*100; casein electrophoresis; and RP-HPLC. The results were statistically analysed and revealed that the proteolytic indices were not significantly different throughout the 60 days of ripening of cheeses made with either coagulant. Even though there were some quantitative differences in the peptide profile of cheeses, the enzyme from T. indicae-seudaticae N31 was used in the production of good quality Prato cheese without having to change the established technological parameters of the process.     

Forging of Mg‐Alloys AZ31 and AZ80

Mg‐wrought alloys recently became an engineer material of constantly increasing interest. The mechanical properties of extruded Mg‐feedstock of the alloys AZ80 and AZ31 indicate their suitability for automotive applications in form of high‐quality forgings. Therefore a detailed knowledge about the forming behaviour is of particular importance. In order to compare mechanical properties of available Mg‐feedstock qualities compression tests at room temperature have been carried out by applying batches of AZ31‐ and AZ80‐feedstock. Cylindrical specimens were made out of received continuously casted as well as extruded AZ31‐ and AZ80 ‐ rods. A quantitative analysis of Mg‐feedstock’s microstructure has been carried out. The characterization of the deformability of applied Mg‐feedstock under hot working conditions could be performed by means of uniaxial plain strain upsetting tests at temperatures between 300 and 450 °C as well as logarithmic strain rates of 10^‐1, 1 and 10s^‐1. It is shown that the chosen parameter range ensures an enhanced deformability of continuously as well as extruded Mg‐feedstock. The subsequently carried out determination of microstructural evolution could be related to obtained flow stress curves of applied batches of Mg‐feedstock. Furthermore, FVM/FEM‐systems have been employed in order to design a simplified geometry of heated forging dies suitable for forging tests. The tests have been carried out by means of a hydraulic press. During the tests their punch velocity has been varied between 1 and 40 mm/s. Hence numerically simulated results could be confirmed by practical tests. Exemplary forgings of a simplified shape were made out of all applied batches of Mg‐feedstock. No remarkable failures have been detected.     

A Study of Evolution of Structural Parameters of PZT-Based Ferrosoft Ceramics in the Vicinity of Transition to a Paraelectric Phase

The peculiarities of structural changes of the material were investigated in the temperature range from 20 to 280°C. Electroelastic parameters: the frequency constant of radial vibrations N _r and the piezoelectric modulus d ₃₁ of the preposed sample and the poled sample being in a 1 kV/cm dc electric field were studied. It has been established that the electric field increases a temperature stability of structure of ferroelectric domains.