X70钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

在不同的阴极保护电位下,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验、动电位极化方法以及SEM研究了X70钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明: X70钢发生穿晶应力腐蚀裂纹;应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)萌生与外加保护电位有关,完全受阳极过程控制时X70钢的SCC敏感性较低,但会发生点蚀和严重的均匀腐蚀;受混合电极过程控制和全受阴极过程控制时均能发生SCC;受混合电极过程控制时,SCC二次裂纹与点蚀伴生,裂纹形核密度大;而完全受阴极过程控制时,SCC裂纹附近未见点蚀坑,裂纹形核密度低;混合电极过程控制时比完全阴极电极过程控制下更容易发生SCC裂纹.     

X60钢及其焊接热影响区的腐蚀行为对比研究

通过热模拟方法得到X60钢焊接热影响区组织,并对其微观组织进行分析,研究了母材及其热影响区在两种不同溶液中的自腐蚀电位、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱.结果表明,当腐蚀介质使X60钢及其热影响区表面产生活性溶解时,热影响区的耐蚀性优于X60钢;当表面均生成腐蚀产物膜时,X60钢表面的产物膜保护性较好,使得耐蚀性优于其热影响区     

X60钢级管线钢焊接热影响区的热模拟研究

采用焊接热模拟技术对X60钢级管线钢进行了热影响区模拟试验。研究了该钢在不同的峰值温度和冷却时间下的韧性和组织,测定了其热影响区的硬度。结果表明,峰值温度越高X60钢级管线钢的组织越粗大、韧性越低;在不同的峰值温度下,冷却时间对该钢焊接热影响区组织及韧性的影响是不同的。     

X80钢级板卷强度的分析与研究

通过在某钢厂生产的X80钢级板卷不同位置取不同形状的拉伸试样对其强度进行分析与研究,得出该板卷的强度分布规律为：横向强度≥纵向强度≥30°方向强度;头、中、尾3部分中,中部强度最高,头部和尾部强度较低,具有明显的“倒浴盆效应”。在钢管上与板卷取样的对应位置取样进行包申格效应的分析与研究,结果表明：X80钢级板卷制成钢管后屈服强度有上升的趋势。     

汽轮机叶片用X20Cr13钢的热处理工艺研究

采用正交试验对汽轮机叶片用X20Cr13钢进行了热处理工艺研究,以获得该钢的最佳热处理工艺,并在回火后以不同的速度冷却,以揭示冷却速度对钢的回火脆性的影响。结果,X20Cr13钢的最佳热处理工艺为900℃油淬或风冷,670℃回火,风冷。     

Epitaxial growth and mechanical properties of (001) ZrN/W nanolaminates

Epitaxial growth of ZrN/W multilayers with bilayer periods Λ ranging from 2.5 to 50 nm has been achieved at 300 °C on MgO (001) substrates by means of dual ion beam sputtering, which is a novelty compared to polycrystalline growth reported so far in this system. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) experiments reveal the following epitaxial relationship [110] (001) W // [100] (001) ZrN // [100] (001) MgO. Nanoindentation tests indicate a hardness increase proportional to Λ^− 0.54, with maximum of 25.8 GPa at Λ = 2.5 nm. However, there is no hardness enhancement relative to rule-of-mixtures value, which could be ascribed to delamination at the W on ZrN interfaces, as observed by TEM and related to large compressive stress, as determined by XRD. Another explanation could be related to the small difference in shear modulus between the two materials.     

豆腐果苷对人孕烷X 受体介导的CYP3A4 和MDR1 的转录调节作用

目的 建立和验证人孕烷X 受体(humanpregnant X receptor, hPXR) 介导的CYP3A4 、MDR1药物诱导剂的体外筛选体系, 考察豆腐果苷对hPXR 介导的CYP3A4 、MDR1 的转录调节作用。方法 利用构建的双荧光素酶报告基因系统, 将表达载体和报告载体共转染HepG2 细胞, 以10 μmol/L 利福平为阳性对照, 用不同浓度(0.004 、0.04 、0.4 μmol/L) 豆腐果苷处理48 h 后裂解细胞进行双荧光素酶活性检测。结果 不同浓度的豆腐果苷均不能通过激活hPXR 来介导CYP3A4 和MDR1 表达上调, 各浓度处理组的双荧光素酶比活性值与DMSO 溶媒组差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论 成功构建了hPXR 介导的CYP3A4 和MDR1 药物诱导剂的体外筛选体系, 并发现豆腐果苷不能通过激活hPXR 介导CYP3A4和MDR1 的表达上调。     

Cells on biomaterials – some aspects of elemental analysis by means of electron probes

Electron probe X‐ray microanalysis enables concomitant observation of specimens and analysis of their elemental composition. The method is attractive for engineers developing tissue‐compatible biomaterials. Either changes in element composition of cells or biomaterial can be defined according to well‐established preparation and quantification procedures. However, the qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis appears more complicated when cells or thin tissue sections are deposited on biomaterials. X‐ray spectra generated at the cell/tissue–biomaterial interface are modelled using a Monte Carlo simulation of a cell deposited on borosilicate glass. Enhanced electron backscattering from borosilicate glass was noted until the thickness of the biological layer deposited on the substrate reached 1.25 μm. It resulted in significant increase in X‐ray intensities typical for the elements present in the cellular part. In this case, the mean atomic number value of the biomaterial determines the strength of this effect. When elements are present in the cells only, the positive linear relationship appears between X‐ray intensities and cell thickness. Then, spatial dimensions of X‐ray emission for the particular elements are exclusively in the range of the biological part and the intensities of X‐rays become constant. When the elements are present in both the cell and the biomaterial, X‐ray intensities are registered for the biological part and the substrate simultaneously leading to a negative linear relationship of X‐ray intensities in the function of cell thickness. In the case of the analysis of an element typical for the biomaterial, strong decrease in X‐ray emission is observed in the function of cell thickness as the effect of X‐ray absorption and the limited excitation range to biological part rather than to the substrate. Correction procedures for calculations of element concentrations in thin films and coatings deposited on substrates are well established in materials science, but little is known about factors that have to be taken into account to accurately quantify bioelements in thin and semi‐thick biological samples. Thus thorough tests of currently available quantification procedures are required to verify their applicability to cells or tissues deposited on the biomaterials.     

Visualization of water drying in porous materials by X‐ray phase contrast imaging

We present in this study results from X‐ray tomographic microscopy with synchrotron radiation performed both in attenuation and phase contrast modes on a limestone sample during two stages of water drying. No contrast agent was used in order to increase the X‐ray attenuation by water. We show that only by using the phase contrast mode it is possible to achieve enough water content change resolution to investigate the drying process at the pore‐scale. We performed 3D image analysis of the time‐differential phase contrast tomogram. We show by the results of such analysis that it is possible to obtain a reliable characterization of the spatial redistribution of water in the resolved pore system in agreement with what expected from the theory of drying in porous media and from measurements performed with other approaches. We thus show the potential of X‐ray phase contrast imaging for pore‐scale investigations of reactive water transport processes which cannot be imaged by adding a contrast agent for exploiting the standard attenuation contrast imaging mode.     

基于S3 C44B0X和SL811 HS的USB主/从机模块设计

提出一种基于S3C44B0X及SL811HS构建USB主/从机控制器模块的方案,给出了硬件连接及软件设计流程.经证实该方案设计简单,可靠性高,可重用性强.