Systematics of salt precipitation in complexes of polyethylene oxide and alkali metal iodides

Conductivity measurements in PEO₃₀MI polymer electrolytes with M=Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs over the temperature range from about 65 to 200 °C show an increasing tendency for salt precipitation with increasing cation size. The salt precipitation in these complexes upon heating is revealed by the decrease of the dc conductivity starting at a critical temperature T_c. Whereas LiI and NaI complexes do not show precipitation effects, T_c monotonically decreases from about 140 to 65 °C when changing the salt component from KI via RbI to CsI. For the PEO-RbI system, precipitation is further investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and tracer diffusion experiments. NMR analysis unambiguously demonstrates the onset of RbI salt precipitation and the increase of the precipitate fraction with increasing temperature. In diffusion experiments on PEO₃₀RbI with the radiotracers and , the precipitation effect is manifested by anomalous features in the penetration profiles, however, without noticeable changes in their depth range. Combining the resulting tracer diffusion coefficients with the dc conductivity data enables us to assess crucial parameters characterizing ionic transport in PEO₃₀RbI.     

Determination of azinphos-methyl and parathion-methyl in honey by stripping voltammetry

An electrochemical method for the determination of azinphos-methyl and parathion-methyl in honey is presented. The determination is established by adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry at hanging mercury working electrode.In contrast to the chromatographic methods for the determination of pesticide residues, the sample preparation of the proposed method is minimal; analytes were extracted from honey samples with a mixture of (acetone):(Britton-Robinson buffer) and then were analyzed without any additional pretreatment.The response of the analytes either individually or as a mixture was studied for a series of deposition time and molar ratio. Two quantitation protocols were compared, using either the external calibration or the standard addition method. Accuracy was tested with spiked honey samples obtaining good recovery values. The limit of detection for the honey sample (for deposition time of 10 s) was calculated 51.71 μg kg⁻¹ for MeP and 65.87 μg kg⁻¹ for AzMet.     

Detection of the First Epoxyalcohol Synthase/Allene Oxide Synthase (CYP74 Clan) in the Lancelet (Branchiostoma belcheri,Chordata)

The CYP74 clan cytochromes (P450) are key enzymes of oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants, some Proteobacteria, brown and green algae, and Metazoa. The CYP74 enzymes, including the allene oxide synthases (AOSs), hydroperoxide lyases, divinyl ether synthases, and epoxyalcohol synthases (EASs) transform the fatty acid hydroperoxides to bioactive oxylipins. A novel CYP74 clan enzyme CYP440A18 of the Asian (Belcher’s) lancelet (Branchiostoma belcheri, Chordata) was biochemically characterized in the present work. The recombinant CYP440A18 enzyme was active towards all substrates used: linoleate and α-linolenate 9- and 13-hydroperoxides, as well as with eicosatetraenoate and eicosapentaenoate 15-hydroperoxides. The enzyme specifically converted α-linolenate 13-hydroperoxide (13-HPOT) to the oxiranyl carbinol (9Z,11R,12R,13S,15Z)-11-hydroxy-12,13-epoxy-9,15-octadecadienoic acid (EAS product), α-ketol, 12-oxo-13-hydroxy-9,15-octadecadienoic acid (AOS product), and cis-12-oxo-10,15-phytodienoic acid (AOS product) at a ratio of around 35:5:1. Other hydroperoxides were converted by this enzyme to the analogous products. In contrast to other substrates, the 13-HPOT and 15-HPEPE yielded higher proportions of α-ketols, as well as the small amounts of cyclopentenones, cis-12-oxo-10,15-phytodienoic acid and its higher homologue, dihomo-cis-12-oxo-3,6,10,15-phytotetraenoic acid, respectively. Thus, the CYP440A18 enzyme exhibited dual EAS/AOS activity. The obtained results allowed us to ascribe a name “B. belcheri EAS/AOS” (BbEAS/AOS) to this enzyme. BbEAS/AOS is a first CYP74 clan enzyme of Chordata species possessing AOS activity.     

一种改进型的Smith-Fuzzy控制器在锅炉燃烧控制中的应用

在电站热工控制系统中,广泛存在着时滞。锅炉燃烧控制中通过常规的PID调节控制很难满足控制要求,尝试将模糊控制、Smith预估控制算法以及最小二乘参数辨识法进行组合,提出了一种模糊控制器与基于参数在线辨识的改进型smith预估器混合的滞后控制器,仿真结果表明在大延迟时滞系统中该控制器能够提高控制效果。     

MIMO-CDMA子选择系统设计及性能分析

多用户MIMO-CDMA是MIMO技术领域研究的最新成果,MIMO-CDMA系统可以显著地提高系统的容量和BER性能。但系统复杂度高,而天线选择技术可以大大降低MIMO-CDMA系统实现复杂度。设计了一种基于帧结构的MIMO-CDMA接收端子选择系统仿真平台,分析和比较了在MBER、MMI和MNP等不同选择准则条件下的系统性能,并对仿真结果进行了评价。     

基于LMedS&LS的全局运动估计算法

针对全局运动估计过程常伴有局部运动的问题,提出一种基于LMedS&LS的全局运动估计算法.通过获取相邻2帧图像上对应特征块的坐标,将该算法应用到仿射变换模型中,估计出全局运动参量,并根据运动参量采用双线性内插法完成图像配准.实验证明,该算法相对于LMedS算法在精确度和实效性2个方面都有改进.     

改进的SAR图像干扰抑制算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中出现干扰条纹是由电视、广播和各类通信系统辐射源的频率在系统带宽内,造成接受的信号中混有干扰信号。由于这些干扰通常具有高于系统背景噪声的功率电平,会对SAR造成不同的影响。在某些系统中SAR信号在距离频域沿着距离向相邻的点会具有一定的相关性。如果某些频谱值被干扰信号污染,则可以利用它周围的点估计出该频段的信息。基于这一想法,提出一种干扰抑制算法,能有效的估计出被干扰影响的频谱信息。当频谱中干扰信号所污染的频段的个数较多时,相比传统方法,这种方法能更为有效地估计出原始信号。     

Selection of minimal tripping times for distance protection using fault trees with time dependencies

Correct coordination between protection relays is an essential requirement to maintain stability and integrity of electrical power systems. Time settings of protection relays have to be adapted to time characteristics of electrical power systems and time settings of other protections. In the paper, fault trees with time dependencies (FTTD) are used for selecting time delay settings of remote back-up distance protections. In FTTD, events and gates are characterized by time parameters, which are derived from time characteristics of protection devices and the inherent delays of protection equipment. Two case studies are presented. First, the coordination of protections for the simple transmission line composed of two identical sections is studied. Next, the transmission line that contains two sections of different lengths and transformer between them is analyzed. In both cases, formulae for time delays of protections are derived. According to calculations executed for the first case, our method gives time delays that often are significantly smaller than values suggested by generally recommended and accepted rules.     

一种结合快速L_1范数最小化算法的柱面匀场线圈目标场设计方法

目标场方法由Turner于1986年提出,到目前为止该方法已成为核磁共振成像系统中匀场、梯度线圈设计的一种主流方法。各种改进的目标场方法纷纷涌现。为解决线圈设计中的有限尺寸问题,Forbes和Crozier提出了一种新方法,该方法预先通过三角函数来约束线圈面上的电流密度分布,为克服方程求解过程中的病态问题,对电流密度表达式中的待定系数采用最小均方差(least square,LS)和L2范数相结合的方法来进行估计,成功得到了有限长匀场线圈的设计结果。该文采用最小均方差和L1范数结合的方法来对面电流密度分解表达式中的未知系数进行估计,并将该方法应用于核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)系统的匀场线圈设计中。系统主磁体长度为3 m,室温孔直径为1.6 m,目标区域(region of interest,ROI)直径为0.4 m。算例采用Matlab仿真平台,结果表明该文提出的LS-L1目标场方法相比于传统的LS-L2目标场方法磁场偏差更小、效果更好。     

基于最小二乘加权融合集成神经网络的电力变压器故障识别

提出了一种基于最小二乘加权融合集成神经网络的变压器故障识别新方法.首先对色谱分析法检测到的特征气体含量进行数值预处理,提取出故障识别所需的6个特征量,再应用5个不同结构的BP子网络分别进行识别,接着运用最小二乘加权融合算法对各个子网络的识别结果进行信息融合,最后根据融合结果来识别故障.与单个神经网络识别方法相比,该最小二乘加权融合集成神经网络可在故障特征比较类似的情况下,正确识别故障类型,且该方法的识别结果具有更大的安全间隔空间、可靠性更高.测试结果也表明了这些特征.