城市污水处理厂增加脱氮除磷功能的改造实践

为了满足国家对城市污水厂出水氮磷的排放要求,采用倒置AAO工艺对常州市某污水处理厂的三期工程原有普通活性污泥法工艺进行了改造.在没有新建生化反应池和增加回流系统的前提下,通过提高活性污泥浓度,在原生化反应池内进行了缺氧/厌氧/好氧功能区的分配,取得了良好的脱氮除磷效果.新工艺对NH3-N和TP的去除率均达到90%以上,对TN的去除率为45.4%.通过对生化反应池内污染物浓度沿程变化情况的监测,初步分析了工艺运行机理,为今后其它城市污水厂的改造积累了经验.     

AAO工艺+絮凝沉淀处理高COD废水

为解决某植物榨汁饮料厂的废水COD高、有异味等问题,研究了厌氧—缺氧—好氧(AAO)工艺和絮凝沉淀混合工艺对废水的处理效果.探索了初始浓度、曝气量、絮凝剂的种类和投加量等对废水处理效果的影响机制.实验结果表明,初始浓度为4 000 mg/L的废水,经AAO工艺后COD去除率可达77％.继续投加合适的絮凝剂后废水COD去...     

CORRELATION BETWEEN ASO AND AAO

Using a 34 years database consisting of sea level pressure and sea ice concentration, the relationship between Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and Antarctic Sea-ice Oscillation (ASO) was investigated. Firstly, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis depicts the spatial variability of AAO and ASO and Antarctic Sea-ice Oscillation Index (ASOI) was defined for the first time. Secondly, power spectrum and headlag correlation analysis show that ASO and AAO have the same periods of quasi-three years, quasi-one year and quasihalf a year. Corresponding to AAO, ASO has an evident antioscillation after one and half a year.     

降低二次氧化温度制备高度有序阳极氧化铝模板

传统的两步阳极氧化方法在制备多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板时需要两次反应都在低温条件(0~5℃)下进行以保证膜的稳定生长,然而该制备工艺在温度控制方面通常比较复杂。尝试对制备工艺进行改进,在一次高温(20℃)二次低温(5℃)条件下成功制备出了高度有序的AAO模板。随着第二次反应温度的降低,孔的排列趋于整齐,其孔径、孔隙率和孔的深度都有较显著的变小趋势,而孔间距无明显变化。此外,实验中还发现在高温下容易出现套孔现象,这可能是反应时释放出的焦耳热消散不充分所致,当第二次反应温度降到5℃时被完全消除。     

Engineering Highly Ordered Iron Titanate Nanotube Array Photoanodes for Enhanced Solar Water Splitting Activity

Highly ordered iron titanate (Fe₂TiO₅) nanotube array photoanode is synthesized on F:SnO₂ glass with ultrathin anodized aluminum oxide as a hard template. Highly crystalline, yet the nanotube array morphology‐preserved Fe₂TiO₅ is fabricated by hybrid microwave annealing (HMA). The effects of the synthesis parameters on photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting activity under simulated sunlight are systematically studied including HMA time, pore size, wall thickness, and length of the nanotubes to optimize the nanotube array photoanode. In addition, triple modification strategies of TiO₂ underlayer, hydrogen treatment, and FeNiO_x cocatalyst loading effectively improve the PEC activity further. The systematically engineered nanotube array photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 0.93 mA cm^?2 at 1.23 V_RHE under 1 sun (100 mW cm^?2) irradiation, which corresponds to 2.6 times that of the previous best Fe₂TiO₅ photoanode. In addition, the photocurrent onset potential shifts cathodically by ≈280 mV relative to the pristine nanotube array electrode.     

高孔密度阳极氧化铝模板的制备及结构表征

采用两步氧化法制备出双面多孔阳极氧化铝模板（AAO）,并进一步发展了模板通孔工艺,得到单层高密度多孔氧化铝模板,并用XRD、SEM和AFM对模板结构进行了表征．结果表明,草酸环境下制备的AAO模板孔排列高度规整,孔密度为10^11个／cm^2量级,孔径为45～55nm,孔间距为100～120nm．     

Ni nanodot-patterned surfaces for adhesion and friction reduction

Surface nano-patterning with Ni nanodot arrays was investigated for adhesion and friction reduction of contacting interfaces. Self-assembled anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates in conjunction with thermal evaporation was used to fabricate nano-patterned surfaces with ordered Ni nanodot arrays on Si substrates. Surface morphology of the Ni nanodot-patterned surfaces (NDPSs) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adhesion and friction studies on a Ni NDPS and a baseline smooth Si(100) surface were conducted using a TriboIndenter employing a diamond tip with 100 μm nominal radius of curvature. The results show that the ordered Ni nanodot-patterning reduced the adhesion forces and coefficients of friction up to 92 and 83%, respectively, compared to those of the smooth silicon surface. Surprisingly, the nanoscale multi-asperity contact between the diamond tip and inhomogeneous Ni NDPSs under low loads follows a continuum contact mechanics model.     

激光分子束外延法制备Fe纳米阵列结构

采用阳极氧化铝箔的方法制备了孔径分布均匀的阳极氧化铝（AAO）模板，然后通过激光分子束外延（LMBE）的方法在这些孔洞里生长有序铁纳米阵列，根据控制生长的条件，生长出纳米线、纳米管，以及高度有序的量子点阵列，甚至得到纳米复制的新的复形模板．实验发现，虽然LMBE系统本身的高度可控性是这些不同类型的有序纳米阵列的前提，但不同材料在模板纳米孔洞里的不同生长趋向以及生长模式是探索可控生长的决定因素．这些可控参数的深入探讨为纳米阵列材料在微器件和纳米复制领域将有更直接的实际意义．     

Catalytic nanoliths

The nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) structure is shown to be a useful platform for heterogeneous catalysis. By appropriately masking the perimeter during anodization and etching, the AAO can be formed at the center of an aluminum disc. The remaining aluminum ring connects seamlessly to the AAO and provides mechanical support for convenient handling. The supported AAO can be sealed in a standard fitting so that the nanopores in the structure function as an array of tubular reactors, i.e. a nanolith. Coating the walls with catalytically active materials turns the nanolith into a novel catalytic system. For the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of cyclohexane, the nanolith catalytic system is superior to a conventional powdered catalyst in terms of both efficiency and in reducing over oxidation. A simple analysis of the flow through the nanolith combined with experimental data indicates that mass transfer through the nanopores follows a mixed flow model.     

Dynamic study of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymer in bulk and confined in cylindrical nanopores

AAO template is highly recommended to nanostructure polymers and to study polymer properties under confinement. The dynamic properties of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) under confinement using broadband dielectric spectroscopy are investigated in this work and the results compared to those of the bulk. Anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes, having pore diameters from tens to hundreds of nanometers in size, were used to confine PS-b-P4VP. Moreover, the influence of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the copolymer matrix was also studied. The morphology and structure of the bulk copolymer and the copolymer confined in the AAO templates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering. For PS-b-P4VP in bulk, dielectric relaxation techniques allowed studying selectively the P4VP segmental dynamics within the diblock. At high temperature this copolymer presents a dominant peak (MWS relaxation), most likely originated by the relatively high conductivity combined with the presence of interfaces emerging in the nanostructured samples. Moreover, a pronounced β-relaxation is observed for the copolymer compared with that of pure P4VP. This is likely due to a non-negligible contribution from the α-relaxation of the PS component. The γ-relaxation is markedly different in the copolymer, which is evidenced by a distinct temperature dependence of the resulting relaxation times. When the copolymer is embedded in alumina nanopores with small pore diameters (25 and 35 nm) there are significant changes, where the tendency is going to a faster dynamics when the pore diameter decreases more likely related to the relevance of surface effects. The presence of the AuNPs in the system enhances this effect. These results are in agreement with segregated structures found in the block copolymer by TEM and SAXS.