基于修正Z指数的黑龙江省旱涝时空特性分析

为研究黑龙江省旱涝时空特点,采用三种旱涝指标分析了黑龙江省23个气象站点1960~2015年逐日降水观测资料,并确定Z指数为单站旱涝指标;依据黑龙江省实际情况对Z指数界限值进行修订,并在此基础上分析了黑龙江省近56年旱涝时空特性,之后利用经验正交函数(EOF)进一步分析了黑龙江省旱涝分布空间特征。结果表明,时间上,黑龙江省旱涝交替发生,易发生连续性旱涝灾害,且旱涝存在27年左右的显著周期;空间上,黑龙江省中西部干旱发生次数较多,北部发生次数较少;中部洪涝发生次数较多,东南部及西部部分地区发生次数较少;EOF分析可知黑龙江省旱涝灾害分布类型为全局分布一致型、南北相反型、西北和东南方向相反三种。研究结果可为黑龙江省相关部门制定抗灾对策提供参考。     

海伦市水旱灾害分析及防治对策

论述了海伦市水旱灾害状况,分析了水旱灾害发生规律。提出了防治水旱灾害的对策。     

江西省水资源分布与旱灾发生规律初探

分析了江西省水资源年际变化、年内分配与农业干旱发生的规律,指出未来水资源供需矛盾将更加突出,应加强对旱灾的研究,以及重视和开展洪水资源化的研究与实施。     

赣抚平原灌区防旱抗旱存在的问题及建议

在总结赣抚平原灌区防旱抗旱工作的基础上,分析了该灌区当前防旱抗旱工作存在的薄弱环节和主要问题．从而提出了相应的对策。     

Drought and Subsequent Soil Flooding Affect the Growth and Metabolism of Savoy Cabbage

An important factor of current climate change is water availability, with both droughts and flooding becoming more frequent. Effects of individual stresses on plant traits are well studied, although less is known about the impacts of sequences of different stresses. We used savoy cabbage to study the consequences of control conditions (well-watered) versus continuous drought versus drought followed by soil flooding and a potential recovery phase on shoot growth and leaf metabolism. Under continuous drought, plants produced less than half of the shoot biomass compared to controls, but had a >20% higher water use efficiency. In the soil flooding treatment, plants exhibited the poorest growth performance, particularly after the “recovery” phase. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was at least twice as high, whereas amino acid concentrations were lowest in leaves of controls compared to stressed plants. Some glucosinolates, characteristic metabolites of Brassicales, showed lower concentrations, especially in plants of the flooding treatment. Stress-specific investment into different amino acids, many of them acting as osmolytes, as well as glucosinolates, indicate that these metabolites play distinct roles in the responses of plants to different water availability conditions. To reduce losses in crop production, we need to understand plant responses to dynamic climate change scenarios.     

Molecular Characterization of U-box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases (TaPUB2 and TaPUB3) Involved in the Positive Regulation of Drought Stress Response in Arabidopsis

Plant U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase (PUB) is involved in various environmental stress conditions. However, the molecular mechanism of U-box proteins in response to abiotic stress in wheat remains unknown. In this study, two U-box E3 ligase genes (TaPUB2 and TaPUB3), which are highly expressed in response to adverse abiotic stresses, were isolated from common wheat, and their cellular functions were characterized under drought stress. Transient expression assay revealed that TaPUB2 was localized in the cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus, whereas TaPUB3 was expressed only in the Golgi apparatus in wheat protoplasts. Additionally, TaPUB2 and TaPUB3 underwent self-ubiquitination. Moreover, TaPUB2/TaPUB3 heterodimer was identified in yeast and the cytoplasm of wheat protoplasts using a pull-down assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis. Heterogeneous overexpression of TaPUB2 and TaPUB3 conferred tolerance to drought stress. Taken together, these results implied that the heterodimeric form of U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases (TaPUB2/TaPUB3) responded to abiotic stress and roles as a positive regulator of drought stress tolerance.     

台湾地区农产品地理标示的研究

地理标示是一种知识产权,更是人类智慧的结晶和文明的传承。本文从台湾地区地理标示的含义及其它相关概念、地理标示在台湾地区的"法律法规"保护、台湾地区的地理标示保护模式等方面入手,在介绍台湾地区农产品地理标示保护发展现状的基础上,对台湾地区农产品地理标示保护制度的优劣势进行分析,最后提出祖国大陆借鉴台湾地区农产品地理标示保护的方向,如严格、科学的认证程序,注重对获地理标示保护的农产品进行营销和推广,合理设置的认证机构等。     

水文模型在计算干旱等级中的应用比较

应用消退曲线超渗产流模型与垂向混合产流模型计算的日土壤含水量和蒸发量作为干旱指标划分重庆市7个流域的干旱等级,评定结果与实际情况吻合.通过实例应用对比,垂向混合产流模型较合理.     

新安江模型在土壤墒情预报中的应用

近年来干旱已严重影响到自然生态环境的平衡及人类社会、经济的可待续发展。而墒情预报是干旱管理的一项基础工作。本文分析了国内外墒情预报的模型方法,将新安江模型移用于土壤墒情的预报研究中,建立了基于水量平衡的土壤墒情预报方案。从模型的预测结果可以看出,模拟预报结果和实测值基本一致,该方法精度是较高的。新安江模型预报土壤含水量的模型结构简单,涉及参数少且物理意义明确,易于调试优选,便于在实际工作中推广使用。     

Assessment of Hydrological Drought Revisited

A variety of indices for characterising hydrological drought have been devised which, in general, are data demanding and computationally intensive. On the contrary, for meteorological droughts very simple and effective indices such as the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) have been used. A methodology for characterising the severity of hydrological droughts is proposed which uses an index analogous to SPI, the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI). Cumulative streamflow is used for overlapping periods of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months within each hydrological year. Drought states are defined which form a non-stationary Markov chain. Prediction of hydrological drought based on precipitation is also investigated. The methodology is validated using reliable data from the Evinos river basin (Greece). It can be easily applied within a Drought Watch System in river basins with significant storage works and can cope with the lack of streamflow data.