COUPLING MODEL OF TWO PHASE FLOW IN A FRACTURE-ROCK MATRIX SYSTEM AND ITS STOCHASTIC FEATURE ANALYSIS

This study is concerned with developing a two-dimensional two-phase model thatsimulate the movement of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in a fracture-rock matrix system. Theintrinsic permeability and the fracture aperture are represented in the model via its Karhunen-Loeve expansion. Other parameters and the nodal unknowns, water saturations and waterpressures, are represented by their stochastic spectral expanions. The errors resulting fromtruncation of Karhunen - Loeve and polynomial chaos expansions to a finite number of terms areanalyzed. The eigenvalues of stochastic process is found out for any point in the special domain ofthe problem at any instant in time.     

泵站流道钢衬底部混凝土浇筑方案

引江济汉工程为南水北调中线一期工程汉江中下游四项治理工程之一。为了保证泵站流道钢衬底部混凝土浇筑的施工质量,本工程在混凝土浇筑中进行了多方面的方案优化。     

水平安装文丘里管低压湿气测量模型

在低压高流速工况下,对文丘里管的湿气测量虚高数学模型进行理论和试验研究.由动量方程出发,推导文丘里管用于湿气测量的理论计算式.在天津大学低压油、气、水三相流试验装置上,对管径比为0.404 8、0.55、0.7的文丘里管进行大量湿气试验,分析压力、滑差及液相含率对文丘里湿气测量虚高的影响,提出一个新的文丘里管低压湿气测量半经验模型公式,达到较高的测量精度.通过对不同管径比的试验数据的分析比较,得出管径比为0.55的文丘里管信号具有较小分散性的结论.     

人民防空地下室中柴油电站的电气设计

依据《人民防空地下室设计规范》,总结了柴油电站的设计原则;分别阐述了固定柴油电站(区域电站)和移动柴油电站的机组容量,台数的确定,柴油电站的布置及设计深度要求。     

国省道沥青路面使用性能模型

为实现国省道沥青路面的使用性能评价,采用路面状况指数模型P=P₀{1-exp[-(α/y)^β]},对该模型中α、β参数确定方法进行了研究.以山东省为例,对近10 a来国省道沥青路面结构、交通资料、养护历史等方面进行了全面调研,通过分析沥青层厚度和车道的日大型车辆作用数对沥青路面使用性能的影响,建立了α、β与沥青层厚度和车道的日大型车辆作用数间关系式.通过分析土基和基层结构的承载能力,对α提出了综合修正方法,所建立的α、β表达式简洁适用,可方便分析某沥青层厚度和交通水平下沥青路面的性能变化规律,为国省道的路面结构性能评价和建设养护投资决策提供指导.     

The Genotoxicity of Acrylfentanyl,Ocfentanyl and Furanylfentanyl Raises the Concern of Long-Term Consequences

Three fentanyl analogues Acrylfentanyl, Ocfentanyl and Furanylfentanyl are potent, rapid-acting synthetic analgesics that recently appeared on the illicit market of new psychoactive substances (NPS) under the class of new synthetic opioids (NSO). Pharmacotoxicological data on these three non-pharmaceutical fentanyl analogues are limited and studies on their genotoxicity are not yet available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate this property. The ability to induce structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells was evaluated by employing the flow cytometric protocol of the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test. Our study demonstrated the non-genotoxicity of Fentanyl, i.e., the pharmaceutical progenitor of the class, while its illicit non-pharmaceutical analogues were found to be genotoxic. In particular, Acrylfentanyl led to a statistically significant increase in the MNi frequency at the highest concentration tested (75 μM), while Ocfentanyl and Furanylfentnyl each did so at both concentrations tested (150, 200 μM and 25, 50 μM, respectively). The study ended by investigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction as a possible mechanism linked to the proved genotoxic effect. The results showed a non-statistically significant increase in ROS levels in the cultures treated with all molecules under study. Overall, the proved genotoxicity raises concern about the possibility of serious long-term consequences.     

Chitosan versus Carboxymethyl Chitosan Cryogels: Bacterial Colonization,Human Embryonic Kidney 293T Cell Culturing and Co-Culturing

The potential of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) cryogels cross-linked with diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butandiol (BDDGE) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDGE) have been compared in terms of 3D culturing HEK-293T cell line and preventing the bacterial colonization of the scaffolds. The first attempts to apply cryogels for the 3D co-culturing of bacteria and human cells have been undertaken toward the development of new models of host–pathogen interactions and bioimplant-associated infections. Using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry, we have demonstrated that CMC cryogels provided microenvironment stimulating cell–cell interactions and the growth of tightly packed multicellular spheroids, while cell–substrate interactions dominated in both chitosan cryogels, despite a significant difference in swelling capacities and Young’s modulus of BDDGE- and PEGDGE-cross-linked scaffolds. Chitosan cryogels demonstrated only mild antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas fluorescence, and could not prevent the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in DMEM media. CMC cryogels were more efficient in preventing the adhesion and colonization of both P. fluorescence and S. aureus on the surface, demonstrating antifouling properties rather than the ability to kill bacteria. The application of CMC cryogels to 3D co-culture HEK-293T spheroids with P. fluorescence revealed a higher resistance of human cells to bacterial toxins than in the 2D co-culture.     

Impact of Fluid Flow Shear Stress on Osteoblast Differentiation and Cross-Talk with Articular Chondrocytes

Bone cells, in particular osteoblasts, are capable of communication with each other during bone growth and homeostasis. More recently it has become clear that they also communicate with other cell-types; including chondrocytes in articular cartilage. One way that this process is facilitated is by interstitial fluid movement within the pericellular and extracellular matrices. This stimulus is also an important mechanical signal in skeletal tissues, and is known to generate shear stresses at the micron-scale (known as fluid flow shear stresses (FFSS)). The primary aim of this study was to develop and characterize an in vitro bone–cartilage crosstalk system, to examine the effect of FFSS on these cell types. Specifically, we evaluated the response of osteoblasts and chondrocytes to FFSS and the effect of FFSS-induced soluble factors from the former, on the latter. This system will ultimately be used to help us understand the role of subchondral bone damage in articular cartilage degeneration. We also carried out a comparison of responses between cell lines and primary murine cells in this work. Our findings demonstrate that primary cells produce a more reliable and reproducible response to FFSS. Furthermore we found that at lower magnitudes , direct FFSS produces anabolic responses in both chondrocytes and osteoblasts, whereas higher levels produce more catabolic responses. Finally we show that exposure to osteoblast-derived factors in conditioned media experiments produced similarly catabolic changes in primary chondrocytes.     

缝洞型油藏剩余油分布预测及挖潜技术对策

塔河油田缝洞型油藏非均质性强,油井开发递减较快,油藏采收率较低.在缝洞型油藏地质特征和开发特征分析的基础上,提出在缝洞单元内部划分单井流动单元的概念,同时结合油藏开发方式,在地质认识上对剩余油富集区进行预测.物性相对较差能量相对较弱局部充填封隔部位,水淹部位侧翼和局部构造高位置,注水开发后油藏中低效替油部位,水驱死角区域以及各个单井流动单元之间连通程度较差部位是剩余油富集区.这些剩余油的开采,对于供液能力和能量下降油井,注水采油和可控性大型压裂仍是有效手段;针对水淹井或者初期注水失效井,实施排水采油或者水力扩容技术;注入N₂或CO₂是进行三次采油的经济且有效手段;部署侧钻和加密井可精确挖潜剩余油.     

超音速射流流场中湍流模型

为了确定适用于超音速射流流场数值模拟的湍流模型,首先从理论上分析常用的五种湍流模型之间的差异及其适用范围;其次,采用五种湍流模型,分别对不同马赫数下超音速射流流场进行数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与实测值和理论值进行对比分析.结果表明：剪切压力传输k-ω模型与其他模型相比,通过对输运方程的修正,保证其在计算射流流场时具有较高的准确性;在喷管内部和外部射流流场的模拟中,剪切压力传输k-ω模型的计算结果与理论值和实测值具有较高的吻合度,在五种湍流模型中最适合于超音速射流流场的数值模拟研究.