简单城市:现象方法和空间比兴一个西部城镇整体重建中的方法研究

从对城市学科技术体系的质疑开始, 分析技术理性的对象性城市与日常城市的本质差异。从现象直观上明辨城市为关于社会空间的界定、分配和组织的场所体系,沿着地方性、城市生活和与空间现象的义理关系,以丰都规划为例,对其空间现象分为经营、演化和运行三个基本方面进行梳理。总结出空间比兴的现象方法和简单城市的营城理念。     

A systematic knowledge-based method for design of transformable product

A transformable product can perform different functions or change functionality by changing its physical structure. It is formed by integration of different components whose states can be transformed each other. However, there is a lack of systematic methods to guide design of the transformable product. In order to improve the design efficiency of transformable products, a large number of products are studied in this research to build a case base of transformation parameters and transformation principles for the design knowledge. A systematic design process is proposed to apply the design knowledge. The transformation design problem is first mapped from the problem domain to the knowledge domain expressed by transformation parameters. A general solution is then obtained in the knowledge domain. A multi-classification support vector machine is used to train a model of the transformation recommendation based on transformation parameters. Finally, the general solution is mapped into the problem domain for the specific solution using the analogy design. The effectiveness of the method is verified in the design of a self-propelled boom sprayer.     

Reliability engineering concepts in design for usability

Engineering and managerial response to the increased demand for more usable computer products is hindered by lack of relevant knowledge in the majority of current Research and Development environments. This paper proposes to use reinterpretation of the existing reliability engineering knowledge base into the language of design for usability, as a way to speed up acceptance and adoption of human factors engineering tools, methods and expertise into the computer designers' set of core competencies. Described similarities in concepts, definitions, formal models and practical aspects between reliability and usability, justify this proposal.     

Towards understanding and supporting creativity in design: analogies in a constrained cognitive environment

In order to show that the emergence of new ideas takes place in a “constrained cognitive environment”, we conducted two experimental studies in a creative professional area: non-routine design. The first study is focused on the role of analogical reasoning in creativity and, especially, on the nature of potential “sources” of inspiration, which facilitate the evocation process. The second study aims at understanding on which ground designers of different levels of expertise construct their own constrained cognitive environment. Based on the obtained results, we suggest ways to facilitate creative acts from designers.     

通用减速器的扩展系列设计

本文针对文献［１］中所设计的减速器基型产品，进行减速器的系列化设计研究。论述了相似比的求解方法，得到了各个相似参数的系列值，并对系列化设计方法在实际中的应用做了技术探讨。     

微量Ti对焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒长大倾向的影响

对添加不同Ti量的一组低碳焊接用钢进行了焊接热模拟试验,研究了第二相粒子（TiN）对高温奥氏体晶粒度的影响,提出了相对最佳的Ti、N含量和Ti／N值,并探讨了细小TiN颗粒抑制高温奥氏体晶粒长大的作用规律和机理。     

REMARKS ON ANALOGY BETWEEN SYSTEMS

Although the concepts of isomorphism, homeomorphism, and homomorphism, etc., are defined in different disciplines, they seem to be far too specialized for general use. In this paper the concepts of substantial and structural analogies between general systems are introduced, which are the generalizations of those given by M. Bunge.¹ The following results are proved: (i) There is no system S such that S is an object of itself, (ii) All matters in the physical world consist of basic particles, where a basic particle is a particle which cannot be divided into smaller particles.     

Analogy just looks like high level perception: why a domain-general approach to analogical mapping is right

Hofstadter and his colleagues have criticized current accounts of analogy, claiming that such accounts do not accurately capture interactions between processes of representation construction and processes of mapping. They suggest instead that analogy should be viewed as a form of high level perception that encompasses both representation building and mapping as indivisible operations within a single model. They argue specifically against SME, our model of analogical matching, on the grounds that it is modular, and offer instead programs such as Mitchell and Hofstadter's Copycat as examples of the high level perception approach. In this paper we argue against this positionon two grounds. First, we demonstrate that most of their specific arguments involving SME and Copycat are incorrect. Second, we argue that the claim that analogy is high-level perception, while in some ways an attractive metaphor, is too vague to be useful as a technical proposal. We focus on five issues: (1) how perceptionrelates to analogy,(2) how flexibilityarises in analogicalprocessing, (3) whether analogy is a domain-general process, (4) how micro-worlds should be used in the study of analogy, and (5) how best to assess the psychological plausibility of a model of analogy. We illustrate our discussion with examples taken from computer models embodying both views.     

类比法和比较法在操作系统教学中的应用探讨

《计算机操作系统》是计算机专业必修的一门专业主干课程,其内容错综复杂、纵横交错,理论性强且抽象,如何让学生在学习时能够更准确更容易地掌握该门课程的内容,达到良好的教学效果,是从事操作系统课程教学的教师所追求的共同目标。探讨类比法和比较法两种教学方法在操作系统教学中的应用,设计一些具体可行的教学案例,从而激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学质量。     

转象的建筑

从场所山水气象的承转到建筑群体城市形态的划分类比,中国美术学院象山新校园给人们一种潜在的提示;恢复建筑构成者为物为事的存在完整性,重临传统营建观所面对的空间事物局面。在此,转象意味着建筑学重省面对存在和事物的谦逊。