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51.
Ricardo Garcia-Padron Dan Loyd Stefan Sjökvist 《Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications》2002,3(2):125-150
One promising method of locating buried objects, such as land mines, is to use optical systems for detecting contrasts in surface temperature. With enhanced knowledge about the interacting physical processes behind these temperature contrasts, it is possible to improve detection precision. In such a context, moisture movement in the soil and moisture evaporation from the surface have been found to be of particular interest. This study was based on indoor experiments on wet and dry sand exposed to radiation from a solar panel. Simulations of heat and moisture transfer conducted with a one-dimensional model are also presented for the experiments. The calculations were successful in accurately predicting surface temperatures for both wet and dry sand, making it possible to predict surface temperatures under different conditions. These findings will contribute to increasing the probability of successful detection of buried objects under real conditions using optical methods. 相似文献
52.
Electric dipoles radiate an electromagnetic field into their surroundings. The electric and magnetic fields from a point source or from linear dipoles have components parallel to a spherical surface but also a radial component. In most investigations on radiated fields, only the part of the electric field that is parallel to a spherical surface is taken into account. The argument is that only that component contributes to the radiated energy. Here we show that the phase front in the lower half space is not a spherical surface and hence, the radial components contribute to radiated energy. We show differences in radiation patterns for point electric dipoles and linear dipoles, either modeled as perfectly conducting wires or as resistively loaded wires. Our primary interest lies with improving image resolution through processing of Ground-Penetrating Radar data. Here the emphasis lies with understanding the radiation characteristics of linear dipoles that can be incorporated with image processing algorithms. The model uses a thin-wire approximation for the transmitter antenna. The solution to the discrete system of equations is solved, incorporating interaction between the interface, using a CGFFT scheme including symmetrization and a newly developed preconditioning operator. We look at the electric and magnetic fields as well as the time-averaged Poynting vector radiation patterns in the E-plane and H-plane of the transmitting antenna. The results show that the radial component of the radiated electric and magnetic field is not negligible, even at distances more than seven wavelengths away from the antennas. 相似文献
53.
Manipulation of Micro Solid Particles and Induced Flows in Water by Laser Irradiation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Q-switch for pulsing laser beam and Galvano scanner for rapid scanning laser beam were adapted to manipulatemicro solid particles in a water droplet.The trapping of fine particles at micron-sized diameters by a YAG lasersystem,induced flows,and the induced motion of the particles by laser beam irradiations are discussed.Particlerotations are observed by using anisotropic micro objects,and moreover the rotational rate with clockwise direc-tion is 22 r/min.The fragments of a cover glass were mixed in a water droplet,and their size and shape are un-even.The rotation of that non-spheres without scanning by the Galvano scanner is also observed in water. 相似文献
54.
A COUPLING MODEL OF WATER FLOWS AND GAS FLOWS IN EXHAUSTED GAS BUBBLE ON MISSILE LAUNCHED UNDERWATER 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
CHENG Yong-sheng LIU Hua 《水动力学研究与进展(B辑)》2007,19(4):403-411
The gas and water flows during an underwater missile launch are numerically studied. For the gas flow, the explicit difference scheme of Non-oscillation and Non-free-parameter Dissipation (NND) is utilized to solve the Euler equations for compressible fluids in the body-fitted coordinates. For the water flow, the Hess-Smith method is employed to solve the Laplace equation for the velocity potential of irrotational water flows based on the potential theory and the boundary element method. The hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation for the free boundary conditions is used to compute the changes of the free surface of the exhausted gas bubble in time stepping. On the free surface of the exhausted gas bubble, the matched conditions of both the normal velocities and pressures are satisfied. From the numerical simulation, it is found that the exhausted gas bubble grows more rapidly in the axial direction than in the radial direction and the bubble will shrink at its "neck" finally. Numerical results of the movement of the shock wave and the distribution of the Mach number and the gas pressure within the bubble were presented, which reveals that at some time, the gas flow in the Laval nozzle is subsonic and the gas pressure in the nozzle is very high. Influences of various initial missile velocities and chamber total pressures and water depths on both the time interval when the gas flow in the nozzle is subsonic and the peak of the gas pressure at the nozzle end were discussed. It was suggested that a reasonable adjustment of the chamber total pressure can improve the performance of the engine during the underwater launch of missiles. 相似文献
55.
56.
Suitability of sweet sorghum in Greece, where irrigation supply during crop development is limited as rainfall is scarce and
evapotranspiration loss is high, is examined in relation with radiation availability. A two-year field experiment was conducted,
in central Greece, imposing four soil water regimes via different irrigation treatments: (1) Highly irrigated, (2) Highly
irrigated till anthesis when irrigation stopped, (3) Medium irrigated, and (4) Low irrigated. It was found that above-ground
dry biomass production from non-water-stressed sweet sorghum plants suggests a high productivity potential among C4 crops. Under water shortage, radiation use efficiency may be significantly lower. Radiation use efficiency seems to be linearly
related to water consumption. Stressed plants (probably except severely stressed) seem to use available water more efficiently
than unstressed plants. The slope of the line relating dry matter produced and water evapotranspired increases the sooner
the stress is sensed. Yield reduction resulting from post-anthesis irrigation stopage is very little. High water use efficiency
values tend to be related with low radiation use efficiency values. 相似文献
57.
Stratis V. Sotirchos 《Chemical Engineering Communications》1985,39(1):259-276
The effects of thermal radiation on the pseudosteady state and transient behavior of porous char particles exposed to an oxygen containing environment are investigated. The numerical simulation results show that particles that do not interchange radiant energy with their environment are characterized by wider ambient temperature regions where multiple steady states exist, higher combustion rates, and lower burning times 相似文献
58.
59.
一、引言对于某些核辐射探测器,降低它们的工作温度便可得到较好的探测器性能,例如硅和锗探测器,当工作温度为77K时,能量分辨可提高很多。一些金属和它们的氧化物在极低温度下成为超导体,利用这种超导现象有可能得到性能极好的探测器,也有可能比现在已实用的半导体(?)测器的能量分辨要提高一个量级。高分辨测量有可能在许多领域内得到应用。关于在极低温度下((?)IK)对超导体核辐射探测器已有一些评论,这里仅介绍超导体核辐射探测器的探测原理。 相似文献
60.