Equipment for the Spectral Characterization of High-Temperature Particles

The spectral radiant characteristics of plume particles of a solid rocket engine are important in the design of the engine specific impulse, ablative material, and plume flame hiding. These parameters are measured from tests of the engine. Some equipment has been established to realize particle heating, uniform particle distribution, and measurements based on an FTIR spectral instrument. The equipment is based on SiC heating and is divided into a warm-up chamber and a measurement chamber to improve the particle temperature stability. A special design of uniform particle distribution combined with an acoustic levitation device is used to determine the particle falling speed. The spectral characteristics and the transmission rate of the particles have been measured by using the system including a standard blackbody, an assembled optical system, and an FTIR spectrometer. The measurements of particle concentration and temperature are given in detail. The instrument specifications are as follows: temperature range – 60–1500 °C; spectral range – 0.60–25 μm; and particle dimension range – 10–500 μm. Paper presented at the Seventh International Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, October 6–8, 2004, Orléans, France.     

T型高差固定结构中双晶长度最小定位算法

设计双晶单色仪时,为减小T型高差固定结构中双晶长度,提出了一晶长度最小定理与二晶长度最小定理。这两个定理中,前者表明入射光只有掠过转角仪中心O点,一晶长度可取为最小值;后者表明出射光只有掠过两个滑道的交点P,二晶长度可取为最小值。双晶长度最小定位算法使这两个双晶定位条件同时满足,从而使一晶与二晶长度同时最小。结合入射光高度放大法,将此定位算法应用于EXAFS双晶单色仪中,可使双晶长度分别由80mm,180mm都减小到60mm。     

微波辐射纤维素基高吸水树脂的合成工艺及性能

针对目前纤维素基高吸水树脂在合成过程中存在的技术问题及吸水率不高的特点,采用微波辐射技术,以纸浆为底物,在纤维素上接枝两元单体丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸,开展了纤维素基高吸水树膳合成工艺及性能研究。结果表明。在360W的微波辐射功率下,采用过硫酸钾与硫代硫酸钠的氧化还原引发体系,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,接枝单体的中和度为70％时,只需8min就可以完成纤维素基高吸水树脂的接枝共聚合成．对制备的高吸水树脂进行了耐盐性、耐酸碱性、耐热性及保水性能的测试,其吸水率为1200g／g(55℃),吸盐水率为158g／g,并有很好的持续保水能力,优于文献报道的结果。     

硒化镉(CdSe)单晶体的变温霍尔效应研究

通过变温（20～300K）霍尔效应测量,研究了CdSe单晶体的电阻率ρ（T）、载流子浓度n（T）、霍尔系数RH（T）和霍尔迁移率μH（T）的温度依赖关系.实验结果表明CdSe单晶体的导电类型总为n型,且它的电阻率与载流子浓度的温度依赖关系与n-Si单晶类似.通过拟合禁带宽度约为1.7eV.本文还进一步研究了本征区、饱和区、弱电离区内电子浓度的变化和霍尔因子γ随温度变化关系,并由此计算出杂质电离能（24.7meV）与补偿度（23.7%）.上述结果表明CdSe单晶体具有优良的电学特性,是制作室温核辐射探测器的理想材料.     

两端用圆板封口的环肋柱壳振动声辐射性能分析

研究两端用圆板封口的环肋圆柱壳结构在流场中的振动声辐射特性,着重分析了由环肋圆柱壳和端部圆板所围空腔的内部声场对整个系统结构振动和声辐射的影响.基于扩展的Rayleigh-Ritz法,利用Hamilton变分原理推导出圆柱壳与圆板的耦合振动方程.考虑了静水压力的影响,环肋圆柱壳与端部圆板之间采用二自由度弹簧模拟弹性连接的等效刚度.环肋圆柱壳声辐射的研究中,用Helmholtz波动方程和流固交界面上的速度相容条件求得壳体表面辐射声压的表达式,该表达式对有限长圆柱壳进行Fourier积分变换得到壳体外表面辐射声压的解;用Green函数法来求解环肋圆柱壳和端板所围空腔的内部压力场.     

壳间连接形式对双层壳声辐射性能的影响

研究流场中受径向点激励的有限长双层圆柱壳壳间用实肋板连接或用托板连接对其振动和声辐射性能的影响。壳体的振动用Flügge壳体方程描述,将加强构件等价为对内外壳体的支持力,实肋板作用可以等价为周向、轴向和径向三个方向的力和轴向弯矩作用到壳体上。托板近似简化为拉压杆件进行计算,并推导了托板的动反力公式,然后将其引入壳体振动方程,最后求解双壳体声-流体-结构耦合方程,计算结果用辐射声功率、表面振动均方速度级和辐射效率的形式表示。在数值分析部分,讨论了壳间连接型式变化对双层圆柱壳的声辐射性能的影响,分析了托板和实肋板的差别。得出结论:壳间连接越紧密,对应的双层加筋圆柱壳的辐射声功率越高。     

瞬态光谱辐射测量仪的研制

采用光谱测量原理，结合当今先进的光纤光学技术，CCD，高集成度电子测量技术和USB数据接口，以及定制的图形化专业软件，通过国家辐照度标准灯对仪器进行定标，研制成功瞬态光源辐射测量仪；可用于实验室和野外环境条件下对各种瞬态光源的测试，并在对某厂的化学光源的现场测试中取得大量真实可靠数据，本仪器不仅可以测量绝对光谱辐射强度，同时还可得到光源的温度，达到设计的目标，并使用户感到满意。     

微波辐射在联氨还原法制备金属Co纳米微粒中的应用

采用次亚磷酸钠为辅助还原剂,联氨为主还原剂,在微波辐射下还原钴盐制备六方结构o纳米粒子.采用透射电子显微镜和激光散射仪观察并测定纳米Co粒子的形貌、粒径大小及分布,确认Co纳米粒子为类球形,粒径为10～15nm.在正己烷中存在软团聚,团聚体平均尺寸约30nm.采用XPS考察产物的表面价态,证明金属Co纳米晶是以零价态存在的.     

Influence of Radiation on the Properties and the Stability of Hybrid Perovskites

Organic–inorganic perovskites are well suited for optoelectronic applications. In particular, perovskite single and perovskite tandem solar cells with silicon are close to their market entry. Despite their swift rise in efficiency to more than 21%, solar cell lifetimes are way below the needed 25 years. In fact, comparison of the time when the device performance has degraded to 80% of its initial value (T₈₀ lifetime) of numerous solar cells throughout the literature reveals a strongly reduced stability under illumination. Herein, the various detrimental effects are discussed. Most notably, moisture‐ and heat‐related degradation can be mitigated easily by now. Recently, however, several photoinduced degradation mechanisms have been observed. Under illumination, mixed perovskites tend to phase segregate, while, further, oxygen catalyzes deprotonation of the organic cations. Additionally, during illumination photogenerated charge can be trapped in the N? H antibonding orbitals causing dissociation of the organic cation. On the other hand, organic–inorganic perovskites exhibit a high radiation hardness that is superior to crystalline silicon. Here, the proposed degradation mechanisms reported in the literature are thoroughly reviewed and the microscopic mechanisms and their implications for solar cells are discussed.     

紫外光固化低聚物的进展（一）

本文介绍了近年来紫外光固化低聚物的进展,以及它们的性能、特点和主要生产厂家。内容包括：1．双重固化低聚物;2．水性固化低聚物;3．超支化低聚物;4．自引发功能低聚物;5．脂肪族和脂肪环族环氧丙烯酸酯;6．低粘度低聚物;7．含磷阻燃性低聚物;8．光固化聚丁二烯低聚物;9．固化物粉末涂料用低聚物;10．杂化低聚物;11．氨基甲酸丙烯酸酯的非NCO合成。