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101.
The properties of o/w emulsions stabilized with 1%w/v common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), V or scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus L.), Coc extracted by isoelectric precipitation or ultrafiltration, at pH 7.0 and 5.5, with the addition of Arabic gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum and a mixture of xanthan gum–locust bean gum (0.1 %w/v and 0.25 %w/v) are studied. The stability of emulsions was evaluated on the basis of oil droplet size, creaming, viscosity and protein adsorption measurements. The addition of Arabic gum, caused an increase in D[4,3] values and a decrease in the amount of protein adsorbed at the interface. The addition of locust bean gum in some emulsions reduced the amount of protein adsorbed. The addition of xanthan and to a less extend of the polysaccharide mixture, promoted a decrease in D[4,3]. So, emulsion stability was affected by the polysaccharide nature. Differences were also observed with respect to the protein nature, the method of its preparation and emulsion's pH. All polysaccharides enhanced the emulsions viscosity with xanthan and xanthan–locust bean gum exhibiting the higher values. V isolates and isoelectricaly precipitated isolates of both V, Coc showed higher viscosity values. The stability was enhanced by the increase of the viscosity of the continuous phase and the creation of a network, which prevents the oil droplets from coalescence. 相似文献
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A grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), able to label the color of the bigger or smaller object in a pair (I. M. Pepperberg & M. V. Brezinsky, 1991), to vocally quantify ≤6 item sets (including heterogeneous subsets; I. M. Pepperberg, 1994), and separately trained to identify Arabic numerals 1-6 with the same vocal English labels but not to associate Arabic numbers with their relevant physical quantities, was shown pairs of Arabic numbers or an Arabic numeral and a set of objects and was asked for the color of the bigger or smaller one. The parrot's success showed he (a) understood number symbols as abstract representations of real-world collections, (b) inferred the relationship between the Arabic number and the quantity via stimulus equivalence, and (c) understood the ordinal relationship of his numbers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
105.
Khaled F. Shaalan 《Software》2005,35(7):643-665
Arabic is a Semitic language that is rich in its morphology and syntax. The very numerous and complex grammar rules of the language may be confusing for the average user of a word processor. In this paper, we report our attempt at developing a grammar checker program for Modern Standard Arabic, called Arabic GramCheck. Arabic GramCheck can help the average user by checking his/her writing for certain common grammatical errors; it describes the problem for him/her and offers suggestions for improvement. The use of the Arabic grammatical checker can increase productivity and improve the quality of the text for anyone who writes Arabic. Arabic GramCheck has been successfully implemented using SICStus Prolog on an IBM PC. The current implementation covers a well‐formed subset of Arabic and focuses on people trying to write in a formal style. Successful tests have been performed using a set of Arabic sentences. It is concluded that the approach is promising by observing the results as compared to the output of a commercially available Arabic grammar checker. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have generated significant academic and industrial interest for several decades. Unfortunately, ordinary CPCs with random conductive networks generally require high conductive filler loadings at the insulator/conductor transition, requiring complex processing and exhibiting inferior mechanical properties and low economic affordability. Segregated CPC (s-CPC) contains conductive fillers that are segregated in the perimeters of the polymeric granules instead of being randomly distributed throughout the bulk CPC material; these materials are overwhelmingly superior compared to normal CPCs. For example, the s-CPC materials have an ultralow percolation concentration (0.005–0.1 vol%), superior electrical conductivity (up to 106 S/m), and reasonable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (above 20 dB) at low filler loadings. Therefore, considerable progress has been achieved with s-CPCs, including high-performance anti-static, EMI shielding and sensing materials. Currently, however, few systematic reviews summarizing these advances with s-CPCs are available. To understand and efficiently harness the abilities of s-CPCs, we attempted to review the major advances available in the literature. This review begins with a concise and general background on the morphology and fabrication methods of s-CPCs. Next, we investigate the ultralow percolation behaviors of and the elements exerting a relevant influence (e.g., conductive filler type, host polymers, dispersion methods, etc.) on s-CPCs. Moreover, we also briefly discussed the latest advances in the mechanical, sensing, thermoelectric and EMI shielding properties of the s-CPCs. Finally, an overview of the current challenges and tasks of s-CPC materials is provided to guide the future development of these promising materials. 相似文献
107.
[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 24(6) of Neuropsychology (see record 2010-22445-001). The Arabic text appearing in the Appendix on page 254 of Table C1 did not reproduce accurately. The corrected table appears in the erratum.] This study explores the effects of language status on hemispheric involvement in lexical decision. The authors looked at the responses of native Arabic speakers in Arabic (L1 for reading) and in two second languages (L2): Hebrew, which is similar to L1 in morphological structure, and English, which is very different from L1. Two groups of Arabic speakers performed lateralized lexical decision tasks in the three languages, using unilateral presentations and bilateral presentations. These paradigms allowed us to infer both hemispheric specialization and interhemispheric communication in the three languages, and the effects of language status (native vs. nonnative) and similarity on hemispheric patterns of responses. In general the authors show an effect of language status in the right visual field (RVF), reflecting the greater facility of the left hemisphere (LH) in recognizing words in the participant's native Arabic than in their other languages. The participants revealed similar patterns of interhemispheric integration across the languages, with more integration occurring for words than for nonwords. Both hemispheres revealed sensitivity to morphological complexity, a pattern similar to that of native Hebrew readers and different from that of native English readers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
108.
Four experiments were conducted in order to examine effects of notation--Arabic and verbal numbers--on relevant and irrelevant numerical processing. In Experiment 1, notation interacted with the numerical distance effect, and irrelevant physical size affected numerical processing (i.e., size congruity effect) for both notations but to a lesser degree for verbal numbers. In contrast, size congruity had no effect when verbal numbers were the irrelevant dimension. In Experiments 2 and 3, different parameters that could possibly affect the results, such as discriminability and variability (Experiment 2) and the block design (Experiment 3), were controlled. The results replicated the effects obtained in Experiment 1. In Experiment 4, in which physical size was made more difficult to process, size congruity for irrelevant verbal numbers was observed. The present results imply that notation affects numerical processing and that Arabic and verbal numbers are represented separately, and thus it is suggested that current models of numerical processing should have separate comparison mechanisms for verbal and Arabic numbers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
109.
由于历史原因,哈萨克语(下面简称哈语)在不同的地区形成了不同的文字形式,哈萨克斯坦哈萨克人用斯拉夫字母为基础的斯拉夫字母哈萨克文,而中国哈萨克人用的是阿拉伯字母为基础的阿拉伯字母哈萨克文。为了方便两国之间经济文化的交流,开发自动转换系统具有重要意义。C#编写的哈萨克语两种文字间相互智能转换程序,采用基于规则的方法实现了哈萨克语两种文字形式间的智能转换,准确率达到95.5%。 相似文献
110.
The intrinsic viscosity and flow behaviour of aqueous solutions of different concentrations of Arabic gum were studied. The molecular weight of this polymer was calculated using the value of the intrinsic viscosity, employing both Huggins and Kramer and Mark-Houwink equations. The value of the apparent viscosity and the influence of the shear rate on the rheological behaviour of different polymer concentrations in aqueous solution were determined. The effect of temperature over the flow behaviour was also studied. The Ostwald model has been employed to fit the experimental data and model parameters have been obtained. 相似文献