Recent progress in the modeling of high-temperature creep and its application to alloy development

Recent progress in the understanding of high-temperature creep of alloys is discussed in the context of theoretical modeling and its application to alloy development. Emphasis is placed upon those engineering alloys specifically designed for high-temperature applications, such as precipitation and dispersion-strengthened (DS) alloys and metal-matrix composites (MMCs). Currently, these theoretical models use one of two different approaches, (a) a phenomenological approach, which is used in such models as those based on the internal stress concept, and those based on empirical creep equations; and (b) micromechanical models that are based on dislocation mechanisms and the interactions of dislocations with solute atoms, second-phase particles, and other reinforcements such as fibers. All these theoretical models have a common goal, namely, the understanding of high-temperature strengthening mechanisms and the relationship between high-temperature strength and the micromechanical mechanisms during high-temperature plastic deformation of the alloys. These theoretical studies can provide information that is useful in alloy design and processing, such as the selection of alloy chemistry, and the optimization of phase microstructural features (e.g., reinforcement amount, shape, size, and distribution; matrix grain size; and matrix and reinforcement interfaces) by optimization of processing methods. L. Shi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA     

碳短纤维-ZrB2陶瓷基复合材料的制备与性能研究

对ZrB2-Sic（ZS）材料和碳短纤维，ZrB2-SiC（ZSC）材料的断裂韧性、室温至900℃弯曲强度进行了测试和研究。结果表明：短纤维的加入可以显著提高材料的断裂韧性、从4．25MPa．m^1/2提高到6．56MPa．m^1/2，纤维拔出和脱粘以及裂纹的桥接和偏转是材料断裂韧性提高的原因；ZS和ZSC材料弯曲强度从室温到900℃经历了不同的过程，但都是两种因素共同作用的结果，即温度升高，晶界软化所带来的对裂纹的愈合作用与温度升高所带来的界面结合强度下降的作用。     

基于行为法队形保持中的队形反馈

本文对研究多移动机器人保持队形的方法进行了分析，提出一种实现多移动机器人保持队形和控制的协调体系结构；将基于行为的方法和队形反馈应用于该结构上，提出了控制策略，并从理论上证明了系统是渐进稳定的，仿真实验表明控制策略是合理的。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化法

简要介绍了国内外镁合金表面处理方法，重点介绍了微弧氧化技术的发展现状、工艺和成膜性能。通过它与普通阳极氧化技术的对比，作者认为微弧氧化是最具潜力的镁合金表面处理技术之一。     

武钢板带材生产技术与工艺装备的发展

全面分析介绍了武汉钢铁（集团）公司在板带材生产和工艺装备方面的发展、主要技术进步和所取得的成就，并提出武钢今后板带材生产技术研究的方向是实现高效、低耗、优质及清洁生产。     

Laser beam weld-metal microstructure in a yttrium modified directionally solidified Ni3Al-base alloy

The microstructure of laser beam weld-metal of an yttrium doped directionally solidified alloy IC 6A, with chemical composition Ni–16Al–8.5Mo–0.12B–0.05C–0.03Y (at.%) was studied. The dendritic microsegregation observed within the fusion zone indicated that dendrite cores were slightly depleted in molybdenum and aluminum and the interdendritic regions were also considerably enriched in yttrium. Severe cracking in the weld-metal was observed and was found to be closely associated with interdendritic eutectic-type microconstituents identified as consisting of γ, γ′ and Ni–Mo phases. An yttrium-rich phase (Ni₃Y) was observed in some interdendritic regions containing the eutectic γ, γ′ and Ni–Mo products. Their formation was discussed in relation to plausible microsegregation induced alteration of primary solidification path during cooling from welding temperatures.     

TiAl基合金双态组织的控制

研究了TiAl合金双态组织的显微组织参数对力学性能的影响 ,通过对Ti 46 5Al 2Cr 1 5Nb 1V金属间化合物进行特定的热处理 ;分别获得了具有相同晶粒大小、不同片层晶粒体积分数 ,以及相同片层晶粒体积分数、不同晶粒大小显微组织的两个系列的双态复相TiAl合金。研究结果表明 :对于双态复相组织 ,晶粒尺寸由预备热处理过程中的退火时间来控制 ;而片层晶粒体积分数则通过后续热处理温度来控制 ,不同片层晶粒含量双态组织的晶粒尺度可以通过后续热处理时间来控制     

Adaptive Modelling and Simulation of Product Development Processes

A tool for modelling and simulation of product development processes has to be able to map the specific stochastic behaviour of these processes. Taking this into consideration, the paper presents an approach to adaptive modelling and simulation using Petri nets. New to this approach is that the process model is generated dynamically at simulation run time. Based on the effective premises and boundary conditions, generic processes are selected, parameterised, and integrated as an instance into the model. Thereby, the model is adapted to its present state at simulation run time. This enhances the quality of the simulation results.     

双馈变频调速技术在小型连轧机上的应用

介绍了交流电机双馈变频调速技术在小型连轧机组主传动上的开发与应用。特别是采用了1台双馈电机驱动2架轧机的模式，取得了低成本，高效能的良好效果。     

Microstructure development of steel during severe plastic deformation

The microstructure development during plastic deformation was reviewed for iron and steel which were subjected to cold rolling or mechanical milling (MM) treatment, and the change in strengthening mechanism caused by the severe plastic deformation (SPD) was also discussed in terms of ultra grain refinement behavior. The microstructure of cold-rolled iron is characterized by a typical dislocation cell structure, where the strength can be explained by dislocation strengthening. It was confirmed that the increase in dislocation density by cold working is limited at 10¹⁶m⁻², which means the maximum hardness obtained by dislocation strengthening is HV3.7 GPa. However, the iron is abnormally work-hardened over the maximum dislocation strengthening by SPD of MM because of the ultra grain refinement caused by the SPD. In addition, impurity of carbon plays an important role in such grain refinement: the carbon addition leads to the formation of nano-crystallized structure in iron.