新疆人工弯道式引水枢纽的设计与运行

新疆河流多系山溪性多沙内陆河,其特点是河床纵坡陡,洪枯流量变化大,含沙量大,推移质泥沙占年总输沙量的20%左右.为了解决引水与排沙的矛盾,采用人工弯道式引水枢纽,使其产生横向环流,因而上层清水主流靠近凹岸的进水闸,底层水挟带了泥沙和推移质向凸岸移动,最后从排沙闸排出.实践证明:这种正面引水,侧面排沙的人工弯道式引水枢纽的设计适合新疆河流特点.     

动态滑模控制在移动机器人输出控制中的应用

针对轮式移动机器人的输出控制问题，提出了一种利用动态滑模控制解决输出控制的方法。首先给出机器人的动力学简化模型，然后求出其输出控制的动态滑模控制器。在仿真试验中，根据机器人的运动路径，可由动态滑模控制器得出机器人相应的电机输出力矩，并控制其沿预定路径运动。     

基于Backstepping方法的轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪研究

根据机器人的运动学模型,对具有非完整特性的移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制进行了研究.采用基于积分backstepping时变状态反馈方法,引入一种新的虚拟反馈量,设计机器人轨迹跟踪控制算法,并且利用Lyapunov方法证明系统的全局稳定性.仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

Autonomous calibration method of the zero-difference without using a standard gauge for a straightness-measuring machine

An autonomous method to calibrate the zero-difference for the three-point method of measuring surface straightness is proposed. A simple cone-disc, which can be made by a CNC turning machine, is used for the calibration. The calibration method is comprised of two steps. In the first step, the cone-disc rotates around and parallel to three displacement sensors built-in to a holder. In the second step, the geometrical parameters between the sensors and the cone-disc are simultaneously acquired during each predetermined movement of the sensors, and the zero-differences are computed by the proposed algorithm within a few revolutions.The conceptual design and the algorithm to realize the proposed method are explained with theoretical analyses and numerical simulations. The results of this study are as follows:

(1)

The repeatable accuracy of the zero-difference determination using the proposed method is at the same level of quality as that of the reverse method using the three-point method.

(2)

When the zero-difference is calibrated using a cone-disc gauge of 200 mm radius and 10 μm peak height, which can be manufactured by a CNC turning machine, the shape error of the object's surface (which is analyzed for its systematic error component and its repeatability error component) becomes less than 0.5 and 2 μm at measured lengths of 100 and 200 mm, respectively.

     

工业机器人自动焊接生产线的设计与调试

工业机器人自动焊接生产线的设计合理与否关系到焊接工艺的满足程度。从机器人自动焊接生产线的设计要求出发,详细分析了生产线的控制流程、配置及布局、编程与调试等。并以FOXBOT、A1200机器人组成的自动焊接生产线为例,进行刹车控制、原点校正等现场调试。自动焊接生产线的实践应用,提高了焊接作业效率和质量,具有推广价值。所述设计思路、方法及详细步骤为工业机器人自动焊接生产线的设计调试工作提供了参考依据。     

水下自主航行器微光照相机驱动系统设计

提出了基于水下自主航行器的EMCCD微光照相机驱动系统设计方法。首先,分析了EMCCD输出噪声的组成,根据暗电流噪声和时钟感生噪声的关系,给出了常规功率驱动的器件选型原则和设计方法;讨论了使用图腾柱电路实现电子倍增驱动的功耗问题,并给出了改进方案;使用高频系统时钟实现了驱动相位和脉宽的微调,解决了驱动时序波形幅度重叠率不足的问题;最后,给出了使用CCD201-20搭建的水下相机结构和实验结果。实验结果表明,系统产生的常规驱动信号频率为时钟频率10 MHz,串行转移时钟的幅度重叠率优于50%,并行转移时钟的幅度重叠率优于90%,驱动信号的相位调整精度为18°,脉宽调整精度为5 ns,驱动波形稳定、平整,电子倍增驱动信号高电平可调,功耗相较于优化前降低7.2%。本文所介绍的EMCCD驱动系统设计方法充分兼顾了驱动系统的噪声、体积和功耗问题,可以广泛应用在水下微光成像乃至常规CCD领域。     

Automated tool trajectory planning of industrial robots for painting composite surfaces

Automatic trajectory generation for spray painting is highly desirable for today’s automotive manufacturing. Generating paint gun trajectories for free-form surfaces to satisfy paint thickness requirements is still highly challenging due to the complex geometry of free-form surfaces. In this paper, a CAD-guided paint gun trajectory generation system for free-form surfaces has been developed. The system utilizes the CAD information of a free-form surface and a paint gun model to automatically generate a paint gun trajectory to satisfy the paint thickness requirements. Complex surfaces are divided into patches to satisfy the constraints. A trajectory integration algorithm is developed to integrate the trajectories of the patches. The paint thickness deviation from the required paint thickness is optimized by modifying the paint gun velocity. A paint thickness verification method is also developed to verify the generated trajectories. The results of simulations have shown that the trajectory generation system achieves satisfactory performance. This trajectory generation system can also be applied to generate trajectories for many other CAD-guided robot trajectory planning applications in surface manufacturing.     

微操作机器人显微视觉系统若干问题

显微视觉系统是微操作机器人不可缺少的组成部分.近年来,随着显微技术的不断成熟,显微视觉系统的研究已经成为国内外在微操作领域的研究热点.本文着重介绍了微操作机器人显微视觉系统的研究意义,总结了现阶段国内外的研究现状,提出了显微视觉系统亟待解决的一些关键问题,并对这些关键问题的解决方案进行了探讨. 同时,对显微视觉系统的发展前景和方向进行了展望.     

双机械臂协调系统的一类最优轨迹规划方法

针对双机械臂搬运单一物体的协调操作系统，提出了一类有效的最优关节轨迹规划方法。该法在机械臂的关节空间内采用分段归一化的无因次量，将其运动轨迹与运动时间解耦，运用非线性规划法优化无因次量运动轨迹。将所规划的无因次轨迹方程作为机械臂产生实际运动轨迹的发生器，由双臂的运动学约束条件和爪端所允许的不协调误差及各手臂的取道点，即可快速生成所期望的系统运动轨迹。为保证双臂能充分协调运动，提出了调整因子的概念。     

管内移动微型机器人研究与发展现状

管内移动微型机器人是微型机器人领域的一个重要的方向,其主要包括用于发电、化工、制冷等行业中的细小管道检测的刚性管内移动的微小型机器人,以及能进入人肠道的内窥镜的柔性管内移动的微型机器人。将微型机器人的研究方向与内容进行总结,介绍管内移动微型机器人的国内外研究发展现状,讨论管内移动微型机器人的研究内容与方向。