基于全局特征点匹配的全局定位方法

针对传统全局定位方法存在对传感器要求多、计算量大的问题,提出了一种基于全局特征点匹配的移动机器人定位方法。该方法采用普通2D雷达作为传感器,在机器人建立全局地图的过程中同步地提取全局特征点,在全局定位算法中,通过建立局部地图和提取局部地图特征点,实时将局部地图特征点和全局地图特征点进行匹配后求解全局位姿。在两个数据集上的测试,结果优于蒙特卡罗自适应定位（adaptive Monte Carlo localization,AMCL）和Cartographer的全局定位效果,运算速度更快。结果表明,与已有的方法相比,该全局定位方法能够更快地完成全局定位和有效减少计算资源的消耗。     

A connection between formation infeasibility and velocity alignment in kinematic multi-agent systems

In this paper, a feedback control strategy that achieves convergence of a multi-agent system to a desired formation configuration is proposed for both the cases of agents with single integrator and nonholonomic unicycle-type kinematics. When inter-agent objectives that specify the desired formation cannot occur simultaneously in the state space the desired formation is infeasible. It is shown that under certain assumptions, formation infeasibility forces the agents’ velocity vectors to a common value at steady state. This provides a connection between formation infeasibility and flocking behavior for the multi-agent system. We finally also obtain an analytic expression of the common velocity vector in the case of formation infeasibility.     

The design of a representation and analysis method for modular self-reconfigurable robots

For Modular Self-Reconfigurable (MSR) robots to successfully reconfigure themselves, the control system must have the robot's topological structure before, during and after the reconfiguration process. Therefore, the module's docking status such as the docking orientation and the availability of docking ports must be ascertained before self-configuration takes place. This paper presents a representation method, based on labelled planar graphs and incidence matrices to represent the topologic structure of a group of connected modules. Essential information such as the orientations of the docked joints and docking ports are obtained from the labelled graph for reconfiguration. An innovative Hardware Orientation Detecting System (HODS) is proposed for detecting the orientation between two docking ports, which can be applied to all multi-orientation docking systems. An analytical method is also presented to determine whether a structure has enough degrees-of-freedom to perform self-reconfiguration.     

Fault detection in autonomous robots based on fault injection and learning

In this paper, we study a new approach to fault detection for autonomous robots. Our hypothesis is that hardware faults change the flow of sensory data and the actions performed by the control program. By detecting these changes, the presence of faults can be inferred. In order to test our hypothesis, we collect data from three different tasks performed by real robots. During a number of training runs, we record sensory data from the robots while they are operating normally and after a fault has been injected. We use back-propagation neural networks to synthesize fault detection components based on the data collected in the training runs. We evaluate the performance of the trained fault detectors in terms of number of false positives and time it takes to detect a fault. The results show that good fault detectors can be obtained. We extend the set of possible faults and go on to show that a single fault detector can be trained to detect several faults in both a robot’s sensors and actuators. We show that fault detectors can be synthesized that are robust to variations in the task, and we show how a fault detector can be trained to allow one robot to detect faults that occur in another robot.

Design and control of a heavy material handling manipulator for agricultural robots

In this paper, we propose a manipulation system for agricultural robots that handle heavy materials. The structural systems of a mobile platform and a manipulator are selected and designed after proposing new knowledge about agricultural robots. Also, the control systems for these structural systems are designed in the presence of parametric perturbation and uncertainty while avoiding conservative results. The validity of both the structural and control systems is confirmed by conducting watermelon harvesting experiments in an open field. Furthermore, an explicit design procedure is confirmed for both the structural and control systems and three key design tools are clarified.

A multimode navigation system for an assistive robotics project

Assistive technology is an emerging area, where robotic devices can help individuals with motor disabilities to achieve independence in daily activities. This paper deals with a system that provides remote control of Sony AIBO, a commercial mobile robot, within the assistive project ASPICE. The robot can be controlled by various input devices, including a Brain-Computer Interface. AIBO has been chosen for its friendly-looking aspect, in order to ease interaction with the patients. The development of the project is described by focusing on the design of the robot navigation system. Single step, semi-autonomous and autonomous navigation modes have been realized to provide different levels of control. Automatic collision avoidance is integrated in all cases. Other features of the system, such as the video feedback from the robotic platform to the user, and the use of AIBO as communication aid, are briefly described. The performance of the navigation system is shown by simulations as well as experiments. The system has been clinically validated, in order to obtain a definitive assessment through patient feedback.

A finite-time approach to formation control of multiple mobile robots with terminal sliding mode

In this study, a new finite-time synchronised approach is developed for multiple mobile robots formation control based on terminal sliding mode control principle and system synchronisation theory. Associated stability analysis is presented to lay a foundation for analytical understanding in generic theoretical aspects and safe operation for real systems. An illustrative example of multiple mobile robots formation control is bench tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

多星座全球导航卫星系统完整性分析

在未来多星座双频情况下,对全球导航卫星系统提供的全球服务的完整性进行仿真分析,设计多星座的模拟环境,采用奇偶向量法进行完整性计算,从而获得全球VPL的分布情况。仿真实验结果表明,与现有全球定位系统提供的标准定位服务相比,该系统提供的服务的完整性更高,能够达到民航LPV-200级别的完整性要求。     

基于分散自律体系的铁路运输计划与调度信息综合系统研发

对ADS技术进行了探讨,并结合在此基础上丌发的铁路运输计划与调度信息综合系统的软件设计过程与系统的最后实施应用,得出基于ADS的列车调度指挥系统具有在线可维护性、可扩展性与容错性等优点,并且将成为我国现代化行车调度指挥系统的理想解决模式。     

地球J_2摄动下卫星编队飞行自主相对定轨研究

卫星编队飞行自主相对定轨作为实现编队队形保持和控制的前提,是编队任务必须解决的关键技术之一.设计了一种应用于卫星编队的自主相对轨道确定方案,不同于目前广泛采用的C-W方程,采用了包含摄动影响的相对运动方程的解析表达式描述编队飞行,使得模型的精度有了很大提高.利用星间距离信息和方位信息作为观测量,设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器实现环绕星相对轨道的自主确定,仿真结果表明使用本方案得到的定轨精度比采用C-W方程提高一个数量级,验证了这种导航方案的有效性,为实现编队飞行卫星高精度自主相对定轨提供了一个有效的方案.