Dielectric Properties of Beans at Different Temperatures and Moisture Content in the Microwave Range

Dielectric properties of common Mexican beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were determined and analyzed at microwave frequencies (800–2500 MHz). The free-space transmission technique was employed for the measurements of three varieties (“Flor de mayo,” “Bayo,” and “Negro”) with different moisture content (8.8–12.3%, w.b.) at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60°C. The dielectric constant and loss factor of beans decreased with increasing frequency for a fixed temperature, and increased with increasing temperature at a fixed frequency. The dielectric constant increased with increasing moisture content, while the loss factor remained nearly constant. With these results, disinfestation or quality control measurements can be proposed for beans using microwaves.     

Nutritional and Health Perspectives of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): An Overview

Beans, the variants of Phaseolus vulagris, are nutritionally and economically important food crop in each part of the world. Besides providing nutrients such as multifaceted carbohydrates, elevated proteins, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins, these also contain rich variety of polyphenolic compounds with prospective health benefits. This review mainly focuses the important nutritional aspects of beans as well as their contribution in decreasing the risks of chronically degenerative diseases.     

Natural occurrence of free anthocyanin aglycones in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The application of an improved method of extraction and purification has allowed the characterization of anthocyanins and free anthocyanidins in beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. using LC-MS determination.     

JDO初探

介绍了数据存取的新技术JDO的工作原理，基本的编程步骤及相关API。并把JDO和EJB作了比较。     

Micro-PIXE investigation of bean seeds to assist micronutrient biofortification

This study compares the distribution and concentrations of micro- and macronutrients in different bean cultivars with the aim of optimizing the biofortification, a sustainable approach towards improving dietary quality. Micro-PIXE was used to reveal the distribution of Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, P, S in seeds of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Average concentrations of elements in different tissues were obtained using ICP-AES. The highest concentrations of Zn in the studied beans were found in the embryonic axis, but an increased concentration of this element was also detected in the provascular bundles of the cotyledons. The first layer of cells surrounding provascular bundles accumulated high concentrations of Fe, while the next cell layer had an increased concentration of Mn. The analysis showed that the provascular bundles and the first cell layers surrounding them could have a significant role in the storage of important seed micronutrients - Zn, Fe, and Mn. This information has important implications for molecular biology studies aimed at seed biofortification.     

Characteristic Drying Curves of Cocoa Beans

ABSTRACT

The characteristic drying curves of cocoa beans are determined by using a tunnel drier where conditioned air passes a single cocoa berm suspended from an electronic balance in the test section. Weight loss, and temperatures of air, testa and nib of the cocoa bean is monitored on personal computers. The nornmalised drying rate versus the normalised moisture content is regressed by least square method to fit a new polynomial model for the penetration falling rate period and a linear model for the regular regime falling rate period. It can be concluded that there are three drying periods for cocoa beans namely the constant drying rate period, the penetration falling rate period and the regular regime falling rate period. The polynomial model estimates the penetration period quite well whereas the linear model estimates the regular regime quite well as well. There is no observable influence of relative humidity and air temperature on the characteristic drying curve of cocoa beans. However, the air velocity seems to have some influence on the curve.     

Chemical Composition,Starch Bioavailability and Indigestible fraction of Common Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)

In Mexico, consumption of beans represents 15% of the normal diet of the population in rural zones. Four common bean varieties cultivated in Mexico were studied regarding their chemical composition, starch digestibility and indigestible fraction. The protein level in the samples Huasteco, Tacana and TLP 19 was not different (α = 0.05), but Veracruz cultivar had the highest protein and ash content, and the lowest lipid level. Differences in chemical composition were determined in the cultivars studied. Total starch (TS) ranged between 33.6 and 36.7%, and the cultivars Tacana, TLP 19 and Veracruz were not different in starch content (α = 0.05). The available starch (AS) determined represented between 74 and 87% of TS, due to the resistant starch content and perhaps some complex formed between starch and protein or starch and polyphenols, by the high level of the indigestible fraction determined in the beans. The in vitro α‐amylolysis rate was similar for the different varieties, except for Veracruz cultivar which presented a slightly lower hydrolysis rate.     

J2EE平台上的HTML电子表格工具的设计

随着Internet的发展,Web应用也得到了快速发展和广泛普及.同时这也给Web应用开发提出了新的要求.与传统应用程序开发相比,Web应用开发具有如下特点：开发周期短,开发成本高,实现技术复杂.为了适应Web应用开发的新特点,开发人员需要一种可以快速开发Web应用的工具.本文介绍了一种J2EE平台上动态HT-ML表格的设计和实现.开发者可以使用该工具定义一个和数据库相联系的动态HTML表格.这个工具可以根据用户的定义自动生成相应的Servlet代码.     

Design of Extensible Component-Based Groupware

Tailoring is identified as a key requirement for CSCW applications. One major tailoring mechanism is the extensionof an application at run-time to change its behavior.This article shows how synchronous CSCW component-based applicationscan be designed to be extensible at run-time. We propose to split the act of tailoring into two steps: thedesign-time customization of new components in visual builder tools and their insertion into the running application. Thus the customization tool is not required to be part of the application.This article presents a new design pattern for extensibility andgives several examples based on that pattern. With the help of the pattern extensible application frameworks can besystematically created from a non-extensible application design. The different possibilities to place insertionpoints into the application design are discussed with respect to flexibility and ease of deployment. Finally, wepresent the advantages and limitations of this approach.