The Influence of Evolutionary Selection Schemes on the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

Many economic and social systems are essentially large multi-agent systems.By means of computational modeling, the complicated behavior of such systemscan be investigated. Modeling a multi-agent system as an evolutionary agentsystem, several important choices have to be made for evolutionary operators.Especially, it is to be expected that evolutionary dynamics substantiallydepend on the selection scheme. We therefore investigate the influence ofevolutionary selection mechanisms on a fundamental problem: the iteratedprisoner's dilemma (IPD), an elegant model for the emergence of cooperationin a multi-agent system. We observe various types of behavior, cooperationlevel, and stability, depending on the selection mechanism and the selectionintensity. Hence, our results are important for (1) the proper choice andapplication of selection schemes when modeling real economic situations and(2) assessing the validity of the conclusions drawn from computer experimentswith these models. We also conclude that the role of selection in theevolution of multi-agent systems should be investigated further, for instanceusing more detailed and complex agent interaction models.     

Misfit versus latency

In this paper we present a framework that combines some ideas of the behavioral modeling approach and the prediction error modeling approach. It is shown that the proposed model selection procedure can be rephrased as an optimization problem that only depends on the model parameters. Experiments illustrate the potential of the so-called misfit versus latency framework.     

从《制度、意识形态和经济绩效》看诺思的非正式制度思想

诺思的《制度、意识形态和经济绩效》是新制度经济学的重要论著,他在其中阐述的有关意识形态思想对于我们研究非正式制度思想具有重要意义,他在这篇论著中使用的论证方法很值得我们借鉴。     

Coordination in networks: An economic equilibrium analysis

Networks utilizing modern communication technologies can offer competitive advantages to those using them wisely. But due to the existence of network effects, planning and operating cooperation networks is difficult. In this paper, the strategic situation of individual agents deciding on network participation is analysed. A systematic equilibrium analysis using computer-based simulations reveals principal solution scenarios for network agents and shows that network cooperation problems might frequently be not as difficult to resolve as often feared. In particular, strategic situations are identified showing that a majority of individuals might be better off getting the optimal solution from a central principal and that in many cases simple information intermediation can solve the start-up problem notorious in network economics.     

悖论对策中的计算机仿真研究

社会悖论是在社会生活中大量存在的多人非合作博弈问题，但用经典对策论难以得到有意义的结果。该文应用计算机试验的方法，对一类多人重复悖论对策过程进行仿真研究，以进化对策的观点，研究在不同环境下不同模型的各种策略法则的性能，以及对策的优化解。这个结果为社会悖论的进化对策研究及其在社会经济方面的应用提供一种有效的研究手段。     

行为经济学——一门新兴的学科

进入９０年代以来，经济的发展又一次推动着经济理论的发展和演变．新经济的现象不断出现，使得经济学靠模型和计算机未能找到解决问题的答案，正统经济学再次受到严峻的挑战．与此同时，行为经济学，以人类的行为作为基本研究对象的经济理论，正逐步发展起来．本文将介绍行为经济学的产生和发展、主要理论观点以及一些行为分析对中国社会经济发展的启示．     

Teaching Macroeconomics with GAMS

Our general goal in this paper is to show how to implement in GAMS standard deterministic nonlinear macro models, and stochastic linear macro models with rational expectations. We will also present basic concepts on solution methods and policy analysis for these kinds of models. As a practical illustration, we will use some well known teaching and experimental models in the macroeconomic literature.     

我国钢铁产业组织结构浅析

从产业组织的角度看，我国钢铁产业在蓬勃快速发展的背后，其产业组织结构存在着严重的不合理状况，主要表现在产业集中度低，规模经济性差，进入壁垒低等方面，使得产业的市场绩效低下，其反作用又促使产业结构矛盾加剧。这种相互作用的结果，已成为影响我国钢铁产业持续健康发展的主要原因。因此，必须从市场和产业组织政策两方面着手加以解决。     

A parametrization for dissipative behaviors

The behavioral equivalent of single input single output (SISO) systems are behaviors with two manifest variables. Passive SISO systems can, therefore, be viewed as J-dissipative behaviors with two manifest variables. Here the special matrix J defines a QDF that captures the passivity property of SISO systems. In this paper, we investigate more general QDFs Q_Φs induced by some operator Φ. These QDFs define some relation between the input, the output and their derivatives of a SISO system. We characterize all behaviors that are dissipative with respect to the prescribed QDF Q_Φ. In fact, we parametrize all the behaviors dissipative with respect to Q_Φ in terms of those dissipative with respect to the special QDF Q_J induced by the matrix J. Similar results can also be given for lossless systems.     

Economics and psychology practice: What we need to know and why.

Economic contexts and trends relevant to the practice of psychology in mental health and health settings are presented to help practitioners plan better for the future. Professional skills alone are no longer sufficient to thrive and deliver quality services in the current economic climate. A greater focus on understanding the economic indicators for psychology is necessary too. This includes the cost-driven policies, health and behavioral health financing, demands for accountability, losses, and opportunities inherent in the major systemic health care changes occurring in the United States. Practical questions with economic implications about the direction of psychology practices are raised, and the role of psychology initiatives designed to advance practice, which take both professional and economic factors into account, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)