有关建筑照明和照度水平设计与研究

概述了国内外有关商业建筑照度水平现状和相关的照度标准,综合了以平和堂商厦为代表的大型商场的照度水平的调研结果,提出了照度值的适当选取范围,并建议采用高效照明器具和高效节能电光源。     

建筑加压供水的动力节能技术

建筑加压供水的动力节能技术包括用户末端节能、输配水管道节能、供水加压设施节能.用户末端节能技术主要有控制用水点无效出水量和最不利点少用倒流防止器.输配水管道节能技术主要有:采用经济流速选管径,减少管网的阻力损失,管网竖向分区采用分组水泵.供水加压设施节能技术主要有:充分利用城市供水压力,削减变频供水装置的无效扬程,机组运行效率能固定在高效区的供水方式.     

山西省水电建设和管理

本文回顾了山西发展小水电的历史，论述了山西兴建大、中型水电站的优越条件和可供优选的抽水蓄能电站站址，并就山西的小水电、黄河北干流开发及抽水蓄能电站等三个方面的发展趋势作了简单分析。     

水垫塘底板稳定研究

 通过对水垫塘底板不计止水、抽排和锚固等作用的20多种组合工况的试验研究 获得了板块开始失稳时的水流条件和动水压力的试验成果；分析了单宽流量和板块大小对板块稳定的影响；导出了板块稳定的必要条件；并应用所得成果对某工程水垫塘底板的稳定性作了分析，初步验证表明本研究成果具有实用性。     

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我国的西气东输工程从新疆塔里木油田到上海，管线长度达4000公里，为确保对长江三角洲地区安全稳定的供气，就必须在长江三角洲地区建设地下储气库，从而保证在管线故障期间应急供气，同时利用地下储气库调节冬季和夏季用气量的差异，保证长输管线的高效、平稳运行。在长江三角洲地区经地库址选择，目前准备将常州盆地的金坛盐矿用以建设地下储气库。盐穴地下储气库主要选择在盐层或盐兵上，利用水溶方式形成地下溶腔进行储气，选择合适的建库地址要结合地质、水、工程等诸多因素，造腔过程中需要采取一系列控制技术，在造腔过程中还要及时采取声纳测井技术进行跟踪监测，造腔过程的检测及腔体完成后的密封安全性检测是气库能否投入运行的关键。     

五强溪水电站右消力池底板块失事分析

本文利用总流动量系统地分析了宽尾墩消力池的消能机理，导出有关水力计算公式，并详细地阐述了消力池底板块的稳定性设计，针对五强溪水电站右消力池的泄洪运行情况，利用本文提出的方法从流态结构，板块的稳定性受力等方面，分析了消力池底板块失事的主要原因。     

楼宇冷热电联供系统仿真及其影响制冷效果的分析

以上海交通大学某大楼的BCHP系统为研究对象,在ISEpro仿真平台上建立系统仿真模型,利用该模型对影响制冷效果的蒸汽压力、冷却水进口温度、冷媒水进口温度等因素进行了仿真分析,发现冷媒水进口温度、冷却水进口温度、工作蒸汽压力等因素对制冷效果影响较大,其结果和实际应用和理论计算相一致,表明该模型可以用来对楼宇冷热电系统进行仿真,并可为楼宇冷联供的设计、操作运行、控制调节提供指导.     

太阳能热水-采暖联合系统

目前在欧洲流行的太阳能联合系统,是将太阳能热水技术和建筑采暖技术相结合,以提供充足的生活热水和舒适的采暖环境,文章介绍了太阳能联合系统的特点和典型系统的运行原理,以及该技术在欧盟的应用概况.     

Energy performance of building envelopes in different climate zones in China

Energy performance of office building envelope designs in the five major climate zones – severe cold, cold, hot summer and cold winter, mild, and hot summer and warm winter – in China was investigated. A major city within each climate zone was selected. These were Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming and Hong Kong. Generic building envelopes were developed based on data gathered from building surveys, local energy codes and the ASHRAE Standard. The overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) method and the heating degree-days technique were adopted in the analysis. Cooling and heating requirements due to heat gain/loss through the building envelopes were determined based on the respective OTTV parameters and building load coefficients. Different shape coefficients were also considered. For a typical floor, chiller load due to heat gain through the building envelope varied from 1.0 kW h/m² in Kunming to 23.5 kW h/m² in Beijing, and the heating load ranged from 2.7 kW h/m² in Hong Kong to 124.3 kW h/m² in Harbin.     

Mechanisms for the intermetallic formation during the Sn-20In-2.8Ag/Ni soldering reactions

The morphology and growth kinetics of intermetallic compounds formed during the interfacial reactions between liquid Sn-20In-2.8Ag solder and Ni substrates are investigated. Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis identifies the composition of the interfacial intermetallics as Ni₃(In_0.99In_0.01)₄. The soldering reactions at lower temperatures (225–275°C) result in the predominant formation of a homogeneous intermetallic layer whose growth is diffusion controlled. At higher soldering temperatures (300–350°C), the interfacial intermetallics appear to be long needlelike crystals, and the grooves in between the intermetallics provide fast-diffusion paths for Ni atoms to react with Sn atoms at the intermetallic front, which leads to interface-controlled growth kinetics. The intermetallic needles turned out to be flat slablike after selective etching of the unreacted solder. Kinetics analysis showed that they not only lengthened in the longitudinal direction, but also coarsened transversely by the Ostwald ripening mechanism.